Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of FAIR‐HF patients stratified by PVS
| All (N = 436) | PVS ≤ 0% (N = 350) | PVS > 0% (N = 86) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical variables | ||||
| Age, years | 67.8 (10.71) | 67.1 (10.54) | 70.5 (11) | 0.008 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 203 (46.6) | 154 (44.0) | 49 (57.0) | 0.040 |
| NYHA III, n (%) | 361 (82.8) | 288 (82.3) | 73 (84.9) | 0.635 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 32.3 (5.7) | 32.5 (5.61) | 31.2 (5.94) | 0.055 |
| Ischaemic aetiology, n (%) | 351 (80.5) | 283 (80.9) | 68 (79.1) | 0.761 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 46 (10.6) | 34 (9.7) | 12 (14.0) | 0.326 |
| Prior PTCA, n (%) | 61 (14.0) | 48 (13.7) | 13 (15.1) | 0.862 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 29 (6.7) | 24 (6.9) | 5 (5.8) | 0.815 |
| History of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 131 (30.0) | 107 (30.6) | 24 (27.9) | 0.695 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 352 (80.7) | 291 (83.1) | 61 (70.9) | 0.014 |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 120 (27.5) | 103 (29.4) | 17 (19.8) | 0.080 |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 126.1 (14.71) | 127 (14.52) | 122.4 (14.98) | 0.008 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76.4 (9.43) | 77.1 (8.92) | 73.5 (10.85) | 0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 71.3 (11.58) | 71.5 (11.74) | 70.2 (10.92) | |
| Weight, kg | 76.9 (14.73) | 79.8 (14.19) | 65 (10.36) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.9 (4.78) | 28.8 (4.62) | 24.3 (3.68) | <0.001 |
| Hip/waist ratio, cm | 1.1 (0.15) | 1.1 (0.15) | 1.1 (0.15) | 0.289 |
| Jugular venous pressure, cm | 1.9 (2.22) | 1.9 (2.16) | 1.8 (2.49) | 0.871 |
| Peripheral oedema, n (%) | 152 (34.9) | 127 (36.3) | 25 (29.1) | 0.256 |
| Pulmonary oedema, n (%) | 99 (22.7) | 80 (22.9) | 19 (22.1) | 0.888 |
| Third heart sound (S3 gallop), n (%) | 53 (12.2) | 44 (12.6) | 9 (10.5) | 0.714 |
| Six minute walk test distance, m | 270.8 (106.83) | 275 (106.4) | 253.6 (107.43) | 0.096 |
| Quality of life | ||||
| KCCQ overall score | 59 (20.05) | 58.4 (20.16) | 61.7 (19.48) | 0.173 |
| EQ‐5D health score | 54.2 (16.27) | 54.2 (16.25) | 54 (16.49) | 0.922 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 11.9 (1.29) | 12.2 (1.18) | 10.9 (1.14) | <0.001 |
| Haematocrit | 0.4 (0.04) | 0.4 (0.04) | 0.3 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Serum ferritin, μg/L | 53.8 (57.8) | 54.5 (59.31) | 51.1 (51.39) | 0.624 |
| Transferrin saturation, % | 17.4 (11.25) | 17.7 (9.92) | 16.1 (15.55) | 0.242 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 5 (4.33) | 4.9 (4.33) | 5.2 (4.34) | 0.577 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140.7 (2.83) | 140.8 (2.87) | 140.4 (2.63) | 0.221 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 43.1 (2.78) | 43.3 (2.72) | 42.2 (2.83) | 0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 19.8 (11.14) | 20.2 (11.31) | 18.5 (10.42) | 0.231 |
| Aspartate amiontransferase, U/L | 22.8 (9.58) | 22.7 (9.67) | 23.1 (9.29) | 0.752 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.59) | 1.1 (0.43) | 1.5 (0.96) | <0.001 |
| GFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 63.7 (22.57) | 65.1 (21.47) | 58.1 (25.98) | 0.010 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 24.5 (12.87) | 23.4 (11.81) | 28.8 (15.86) | 0.001 |
| Calculated plasma volumes | ||||
| Ideal plasma volume, mL | 3037 (573) | 3153 (550) | 2563 (395) | <0.001 |
| Actual plasma volume, mL | 2843 (441) | 2878 (445) | 2698 (394) | 0.001 |
| Plasma volume status (PVS), % | −5.5 (7.71) | −8.2 (5.6) | 5.5 (4.71) | — |
| Medications, % | ||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB, n (%) | 402 (92.2) | 326 (93.1) | 76 (88.4) | 0.1751 |
| β‐blocker, n (%) | 373 (85.6) | 299 (85.4) | 74 (86.0) | 1.000 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 211 (48.4) | 167 (47.7) | 44 (51.2) | 0.6303 |
| Cardiac glycosides, n (%) | 69 (15.8) | 52 (14.9) | 17 (19.8) | 0.3217 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 402 (92.2) | 323 (92.3) | 79 (91.9) | 1.000 |
Data are means (SD) or numbers (frequency). ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease equation; PTCA, percutaneous coronary angioplasty; PVS, plasma volume status.