Table 3.
Predictors of increased dosing level among eligible patients
| Covariate | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| ACE‐I/ARB | ||
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from 0% to <50% of target dose) | 0.83 (0.67–1.04), P = 0.10 | 0.83 (0.66–1.04), P = 0.10 |
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from <50% to 50–99% of target dose) | 0.70 (0.60–0.83), P < 0.001 | 0.69 (0.58–0.82), P < 0.0001* |
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from 50% to 99% of target dose) | 0.82 (0.70–0.96), P < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.72–1.00), P = 0.0.05 |
| Female sex | 0.98 (0.62–1.55), P = 0.92 | P = 0.96 |
| History of heart failure | 0.71 (0.47–1.08), P = 0.11 | P = 0.90 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 0.71 (0.42–1.17), P = 0.18 | P = 0.95 |
| LVEF (per 10% increase) | 1.00 (0.78–1.29), P = 0.99 | P = 0.19 |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score 3–4 vs. ≤2 | 0.85 (0.54–1.36), P = 0.51 | P = 0.99 |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score ≥5 vs. ≤2 | 0.33 (0.10–1.09), P = 0.69 | P = 0.99 |
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg increase) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14), P = 0.22 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20), P = 0.04* |
| eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m increase) | 1.12 (1.02–1.22), P = 0.02 | P = 0.78 |
| Serum potassium (per mmol/L increase) | 2.10 (1.29–3.44), P = 0.003 | P = 0.80 |
| Cardiologist care | 2.64 (1.72–4.06), P < 0.001 | 2.35 (1.50–3.70), P < 0.001* |
| Beta‐blocker | ||
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from 0% to <50% of target dose) | 0.81 (0.63–1.03), P = 0.08 | 0.87 (0.68–1.10), P = 0.24 |
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from <50% to 50–99% of target dose) | 0.81 (0.71–0.93), P = 0.002 | 0.80 (0.69–0.93), P = 0.003* |
| Agea (per 10 year increase, from 50% to 99% of target dose) | 0.97 (0.94–1.12), P = 0.64 | 0.94 (0.80–1.11), P = 0.46 |
| Female sex | 0.99 (0.65–1.50), P = 0.9 | P = 0.42 |
| History of heart failure | 2.25 (1.51–3.34), P < 0.0001 | 1.98 (1.32–2.98), P = 0.001* |
| History of myocardial infarction | 0.80 (0.50–1.28), P = 0.35 | P = 0.33 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 1.41 (0.96–2.06), P = 0.08 | 1.81 (1.19–2.75), P = 0.006* |
| LVEF (per 10% increase) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23), P = 0.87 | P = 0.65 |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score 3–4 vs. ≤2 | 0.88 (0.58–1.33), P = 0.53 | P = 0.83 |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score ≥5 vs. ≤2 | 0.60 (0.25–1.45), P = 0.26 | P = 0.83 |
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg increase) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01), P = 0.08 | P = 0.84 |
| Heart rate (per 10 bpm increase) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06), P = 0.48 | P = 0.30 |
| Cardiologist care | 1.86 (1.27–2.74), P = 0.002 | 1.87 (1.24–2.84), P = 0.003* |
| MRA | ||
| Age (per 10 year increase) | 0.73 (0.64–0.83), P < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.72–0.99), P = 0.04* |
| Female sex | 0.57 (0.35–0.93), P = 0.02 | P = 0.31 |
| History of heart failure | 1.82 (1.18–2.83), P = 0.007 | 1.66 (1.04–2.65), P = 0.03* |
| History of myocardial infarction | 1.56 (0.94–2.60), P = 0.09 | 1.81 (1.04–3.14), P = 0.04* |
| LVEF (per 10% increase) | 0.58 (0.45–0.75), P < 0.001 | 0.62 (0.46–0.82), P = 0.001* |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score 3–4 vs. ≤2 | 0.64 (0.40–1.05), P = 0.08 | P = 0.15 |
| Charlson co‐morbidity score ≥5 vs. ≤2 | 0.57 (0.21–1.55), P = 0.27 | P = 0.15 |
| Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg increase) | 0.87 (0.80–0.95), P = 0.002 | P = 0.39 |
| eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m increase) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17), P = 0.08 | P = 0.99 |
| Serum potassium (per mmol/L increase) | 1.59 (0.96–2.64), P = 0.07 | P = 0.86 |
| Cardiologist care | 3.48 (2.22–5.44), P < 0.001 | 2.99 (1.86–4.81), P < 0.0001* |
ACE‐I/ARB, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.
a
Variable violated proportional odds assumption; effect displayed by each dosing level.
*
P < 0.05 and included in final model.