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. 2019 Jul 26;10:960. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00960

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Copyright © 2019 Hashida and Kawai-Yamada.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inter-organelle nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism associated with chloroplastic NADP dynamics. Schematic representation of NADP⁺ biosynthesis and NAD⁺ biosynthesis and part of their metabolism and inter-organelle transport. Solid arrow indicates the identified molecular conversion, and dashed arrow indicates unidentified molecular conversion. Green line highlights the de novo pathway, and blue line highlights the salvage pathway of NAD⁺ biosynthesis. Red line highlights the light activation pathway. Abbreviations are as shown in the text except for Nam, MeNa, and NMN indicating nicotinamide, methyl nicotinate, and nicotinamide mononucleotide, respectively.