Table 3.
Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prescription among people with intellectual disability (ID) compared with a referent cohort from the general population (gPop) and for demographic factors within the ID cohort, stratified by diagnoses of mood disorders (F32-F39 in ICD-10) and/or anxiety (F4). Bold indicates statistically significant differences in prescription
| Anxiolytics | Hypnotics and sedatives | Antidepressants | GABA-agonists | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort comparisons | ID (n = 587) vs gPop (n = 434) | Mood disordersa | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) |
| Anxietya | 1.32 (1.19–1.46) | 1.04 (0.91–1.17) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) | ||
| Mood disorders only | 1.02 (0.88–1.20) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.97 (0.90–1.03) | 0.98 (0.87–1.12) | ||
| Anxiety only | 1.54 (1.31–1.80) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.20 (1.03–1.39) | 1.31 (1.13–1.51) | ||
| Both diagnoses | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | ||
| Within the ID cohort | With (n = 147) vs without (n = 199) behaviour impairment | Mood disordersa | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) | 1.07 (0.93–1.24) |
| Anxietya | 1.15 (1.03–1.30) | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | ||
| Mood disorders only | 1.10 (0.89–1.37) | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | ||
| Anxiety only | 1.12 (0.97–1.28) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | ||
| Both diagnoses | 1.25 (1.02–1.54) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | ||
| Moderate/severe/profound (n = 101) vs mild (n = 153) ID | Mood disordersa | 1.26 (1.04–1.52) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | 1.15 (0.97–1.35) | |
| Anxietya | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | ||
| Mood disorders only | 1.25 (0.95–1.64) | 1.25 (0.88–1.82) | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) | 1.25 (0.98–1.60) | ||
| Anxiety only | 1.19 (1.04–1.38) | 1.22 (0.86–1.72) | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) | ||
| Both diagnoses | 1.32 (1.09–1.60) | 0.84 (0.62–1.13) | 0.95 (0.80–1.14) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | ||
| Women (n = 297) vs men (n = 290) vs | Mood disordersa | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | |
| Anxietya | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | ||
| Mood disorders only | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | ||
| Anxiety only | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 0.73 (0.58–0.93) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | ||
| Both diagnoses | 1.04 (0.90–1.22) | 1.23 (1.03–1.47) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | ||
| Before (n = 294) vs after (n = 293) median date of birth | Mood disordersa | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | |
| Anxietya | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.16 (1.03–1.31) | 1.03 (0.92–1.14) | ||
| Mood disorders only | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 1.09 (0.87–1.37) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | ||
| Anxiety only | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 1.17 (0.93–1.48) | 1.18 (1.00–1.40) | 1.02 (0.88–1.17) | ||
| Both diagnoses | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 1.08 (0.98–1.20) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | ||
aAny diagnosis of mood disorders/anxiety regardless of whether a diagnosis of the other investigated disorder is present