Table 3. Case-related analysis: primary and secondary diagnoses, procedures, and hospital outcomes according to KDIGO stage of AKI.
| Case characteristics |
No AKI (n = 145 959; 78.6%) |
AKI | ||
|
Stage 1 (n = 25 417; 13.7%) |
Stage 2 (n = 8503; 4.6%) |
Stage 3 (n = 5881; 3.1%) |
||
|
Documented AKIs, n, % [95% CI] Total period 2014–2017, including: |
1.3 [1.2; 1.4] | 4670 18.4 [17.9; 18.9] |
3054 35.9 [34.9; 37.0] |
3757 63.9 [62.6; 65.1] |
| 2014 | 0.9 [0.8; 1.0] | 13.4 [12.6; 14.2] | 29.5 [27.7; 31.4] | 60 [57.5; 62.4] |
| 2015 | 1.2 [1.1; 1.3] | 17.4 [16.5; 18.3] | 34.9 [33.0; 36.8] | 61.8 [59.4; 64.1] |
| 2016 | 1.6 [1.5; 1.7] | 21.7 [20.8; 22.7] | 40.3 [38.4; 42.2] | 67.7 [65.5; 69.9] |
| 2017 | 1.8 [1.6; 2.0] | 23.8 [22.4; 25.3] | 41.9 [39.1; 44.8] | 69.9 [66.8; 72.9] |
| Hospital primary diagnoses, % [95% CI] | ||||
| – Acute coronary syndrome | 1.6 [1.5; 1.7] | 4.1 [3.8; 4.3] | 3.7 [3.3; 4.1] | 2.4 [2.0; 2.8] |
| – Cornary heart disease | 3.8 [3.7; 3.9] | 3.3 [3.1; 3.5] | 1.6 [1.3; 1.9] | 0.8 [0.6; 1.1] |
| – Cerebrovascular disease | 3.3 [3.2; 3.4] | 3.8 [3.6; 4.1] | 3.8 [3.4; 4.2] | 2.4 [2.0; 2.8] |
| – Respiratory diseases | 4.0 [3.9; 4.1] | 5.5 [5.2; 5.8] | 7.3 [6.7; 7.8] | 7.9 [7.2; 8.6] |
| – Malignancies/hemato-oncological diseases | 23.0 [22.7; 23.3] | 28.0 [27.4; 28.5] | 30.9 [29.9; 31.9] | 27.3 [26.1; 28.4] |
| – Gastrointestinal diseases | 9.0 [8.8; 9.1] | 8.2 [7.9; 8.5] | 8.2 [7.7; 8.8] | 8.7 [8.0; 9.5] |
| – Liver disease | 1.1 [1.0; 1.1] | 1.7 [1.6; 1.9] | 2.7 [2.4; 3.1] | 5.2 [4.7; 5.8] |
| Sepsis, % [95% CI] | 0.12 [0.10; 0.14] | 1.9 [1.8; 2.1] | 9.4 [8.8; 10.0] | 24.8 [23.7; 25.9] |
| Surgical procedures, % [95% CI] | 39.6 [39.3; 39.8] | 47.5 [46.8; 48.1] | 60 [58.9; 61.0] | 63.7 [62.4; 64.9] |
| Mechanical ventilation, % [95% CI] | 1.2 [1.2; 1.3] | 4.0 [3.8; 4.3] | 10.3 [9.7; 11.0] | 15.8 [14.9; 16.8] |
| Renal replacement therapy, % [95% CI] | ||||
| – Intermittent hemodialysis | 0.05 [0.04; 0.07] | 1.3 [1.2; 1.5] | 7.1 [6.6; 7.7] | 29.9 [28.8; 31.1] |
| – Continuous renal replacement therapy | 0.02 [0.01; 0.03] | 0.9 [0.8; 1.1] | 5.6 [5.2; 6.1] | 21.4 [20.4; 22.5] |
| Total length of hospital stay (days), median (Q1; Q3) | 4.0 (3; 8) | 10 (6; 16) | 18 (10; 30) | 25 (12; 44) |
| Hospital mortality, % [95% CI] | 0.6 [0.5; 0.6] | 5.1 [4.9; 5.4] | 13.7 [12.9; 14.4] | 24.8 [23.7; 25.9] |
| Dialysis within 72 h of discharge, % [95% CI] | 0.04 [0.03; 0.05] | 0.8 [0.7; 0.9] | 2.7 [2.4; 3.1] | 11.7 [10.8; 12.5] |
AKI, acute kidney injury; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval