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. 2019 Jul 26;10:1705. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01705

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Copyright © 2019 Wang, Wang, Wang, Duan, Ling, Wu, Tong, Wang and Deng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Acid production of S. mutans UA159 biofilms were detected in salt solutions with 1% glucose. Biofilms were pre-treated with TF3 (1× MIC), 0.125% ethanol or sterile water for 24 h. Decreases in pH of the supernatants were assessed using a pH meter. The ΔpH was calculated at 0–40 and 40–120 min and the final pH (360 min) was recorded (A). The bactericidal efficiency of TF3 at 1× MIC against established S. mutans UA159 biofilms under different pHs was determined by colony counting. Data shown is relative concentration of living cells compared with the control-ethanol group (B). The results are shown as the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments. ^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, when compared with the control-ethanol group using using two-way ANOVA.