Table 4. Parameter estimates (β±SE) and p-values (p) results of ordinal regression models to predict effects of socio-economic variables and level of conflict with onagers on accepting potential management strategies aimed at reducing human-onager conflict within Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area (BPA), Iran.
Strategies included: (1) selling land to the government; (2) exchanging 50% farmland/pastureland within BPA for an equivalent amount of land outside BPA; (3) changing from a traditional farming/herding lifestyle to industrialized farming (for farmers) or livestock production (for herders) with the help of government;(4) accepting monetary compensation to tolerate onager conflict; (5) accepting a sedentary lifestyle instead of a nomadic one; and (6) supplementary feeding of livestock for a period in the year with the help of the government.
| selling land | exchanging 50% of lands | changing from traditional farming/herding | accepting monetary compensation | accepting sedentary lifestyle | supplementary feeding of livestock | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intercept 1 | -7.65±2.91 (0.008) |
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| intercept 2 | -9.21±3.09 (0.003) |
-2.31±1.19 (0.05) |
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| age | 0.03±0.02 (0.05) |
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| livestock ownership | 0.02±0.01 (0.004) |
0.01±0.01 (0.04) |
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| farm size | 0.09±0.04 (0.03) |
* | * | |||
| total annual income (>$5000USD) | 2.47±1.18 (0.035) |
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| level of conflict with onagers | -0.57±0.28 (0.04) |
0.74±0.29 (0.01) |
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| model Likelihood ratio test χ2 (p) | 20.67 (0.002) | 14.48 (0.02) | 2.95 (0.81) | 14.43(0.02) | 11.66(0.04) | 9.71(0.08) |
| R2 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 0.041 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.14 |
| c-index | 0.88 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.67 |
* Predictors were not included in the analyses as the questions were asked from herders.