Table 1.
Subject demographic, cognitive, and pathological data
| Characteristic | CN (n =11) | MCI (n = 13) | AD (n =16) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 88.6 (6.4) | 89.4 (5.6) | 82.9 (8.1) |
| Education (years), mean (SD) | 15.3 (3.4) | 14.4 (2.4) | 15.2 (2.8) |
| Sex, no. (%) | |||
| Male | 9 (81.8) | 8 (61.5) | 7 (43.8) |
| Female | 2 (18.2) | 5 (38.5) | 9 (56.3) |
| APOE4, no. (%) | |||
| Carrier | 5 (45.5) | 3 (23.1) | 8 (50) |
| Non-carrier | 6 (54.5) | 10 (76.9) | 8 (50) |
| Cognitive performance (Z scorea), mean (SD) | |||
| Mattis dementia rating scale | 0.33 (0.60) | − 0.50 (0.50) * | − 2.02 (0.82)*** |
| AVLT total learning | 0.03 (1.30) | − 0.62 (0.92) * | − 2.00 (1.04) *** |
| Boston naming total, 60 items | 1.39 (0.58) | 0.13 (0.96) * | − 1.59 (1.23) *** |
| Stroop color-word interference test | 0.10 (0.83) | − 0.30 (1.33) | − 1.24 (1.14)* |
| Postmortem pathological score, mean (SD) | |||
| Plaques in the temporal cortex | 1.73 (1.40) | 1.10 (1.24) | 2.72 (0.58) |
| Plaques in the frontal cortex | 1.41 (1.36) | 1.19 (1.23) | 2.72 (0.68) ** |
| Plaques in the whole brain | 6.68 (5.85) | 4.88 (5.68) | 12.84 (3.00) ** |
| Tangles in the temporal cortex | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.73 (0.44) | 2.56 (0.70) *** |
| Tangles in the frontal cortex | 0.09 (0.20) | 0.17 (0.24) | 2.00 (1.21) *** |
| Tangles in the whole brain | 5.64 (1.49) | 5.83 (2.00) | 12.31 (3.24) *** |
| Braak stage | |||
| I-II no. (%) | 0(0) | 1 (7.7) | 0(0) |
| III-IV no. (%) | 11(100) | 12 (92.3) | 6 (37.5) |
| V-VI no. (%) | 0 (0) | 0(0) | 10 (62.5) |
CN cognitive normal controls, MCI mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer’s disease, AVLT auditory verbal learning test
a
Cognitive testing was done within 1 year of death. All scores were converted to Z scores based on age- and education-corrected norms
*
p < 0.05,
**
p <0.01, and
***
p < 0.001 compared with the CN group using post hoc tests (Tukey HSD) of one-way analysis