Table 1.
Comparison of clinical and molecular characteristics by low and high long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) score in the cohort of 76 older patients (aged ≥60 years) with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia, who were analyzed with the nCounter assay.
| Characteristic | Low lncRNA Score (n=38) | High lncRNA Score (n=38) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.04 | ||
| Median | 66 | 71 | |
| Range | 60–81 | 60–82 | |
| Sex, n (%) of females | 21 (55) | 19 (50) | 0.82 |
| Race, n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| White | 35 (95) | 34 (92) | |
| Non-white | 2 (5) | 3 (8) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.15 | ||
| Median | 9 | 9.4 | |
| Range | 6.5–11.9 | 6.8–11.3 | |
| Platelet count, x109/L | 0.67 | ||
| Median | 70 | 70 | |
| Range | 18–507 | 5–592 | |
| WBC count, x109/L | 0.54 | ||
| Median | 29.7 | 28.5 | |
| Range | 1.4–343.6 | 1.0–173.1 | |
| Blood blasts, % | 0.18 | ||
| Median | 36 | 58 | |
| Range | 0–90 | 0–95 | |
| Bone marrow blasts, % | 0.56 | ||
| Median | 68 | 64 | |
| Range | 6–99 | 0–95 | |
| Extramedullary involvement, n (%) | 7 (19) | 4 (13) | 0.53 |
| NPM1, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| Mutated | 28 (80) | 15 (44) | |
| Wild type | 7 (20) | 19 (56) | |
| FLT3-ITD, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| Mutated | 8 (26) | 20 (63) | |
| FLT3-ITD allelic raio ≥0.50 | 4 | 7 | |
| FLT3-ITD allelic ratio <0.50 | 4 | 13 | |
| Wild type | 23 (74) | 12 (38) | |
| CEBPA, n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| Biallelic mutations | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Wild type or monoallelic mutations | 27 (96) | 25 (100) | |
| FLT3-TKD, n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | |
| Absent | 32 (94) | 31 (94) | |
| WT1, n (%) | 0.71 | ||
| Mutated | 3 (9) | 4 (12) | |
| Wild type | 31 (91) | 29 (88) | |
| TET2, n (%) | 0.59 | ||
| Mutated | 11 (32) | 8 (24) | |
| Wild type | 23 (68) | 25 (76) | |
| IDH1, n (%) | 0.75 | ||
| Mutated | 5 (15) | 6 (18) | |
| Wild type | 29 (85) | 27 (82) | |
| IDH2, n (%) | 0.51 | ||
| Mutated | 4 (12) | 6 (18) | |
| Wild type | 30 (88) | 27 (82) | |
| ASXL1, n (%) | 0.43 | ||
| Mutated | 2 (6) | 4 (12) | |
| Wild type | 32 (94) | 29 (88) | |
| DNMT3A, n (%) | 0.12 | ||
| Mutated | 15 (44) | 8 (24) | |
| Wild type | 19 (56) | 25 (76) | |
| RUNX1, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Mutated | 1 (3) | 7 (21) | |
| Wild type | 33 (97) | 26 (79) | |
| ELN Risk Category,a n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Favorable | 22 (79) | 6 (23) | |
| Intermediate | 5 (18) | 9 (35) | |
| Adverse | 1 (4) | 11 (42) | |
| ERG expression group,b n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| High | 11 (29) | 27 (71) | |
| Low | 27 (71) | 11 (29) | |
| BAALC expression group,b n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| High | 12 (32) | 26 (68) | |
| Low | 26 (68) | 12 (32) | |
| MN1 expression group,b n (%) | 0.04 | ||
| High | 24 (63) | 14 (37) | |
| Low | 14 (37) | 24 (63) | |
| miR-181a expression group,b n (%) | 0.82 | ||
| High | 20 (53) | 18 (47) | |
| Low | 18 (47) | 20 (53) | |
| miR-3151,b n (%) | 0.82 | ||
| High | 20 (53) | 18 (47) | |
| Low | 18 (47) | 20 (53) | |
| miR-155 expression group,b n (%) | 0.04 | ||
| High | 14 (37) | 24 (63) | |
| Low | 24 (63) | 14 (37) | |
Abbreviations: n, number; WBC, white blood cell; ELN, European LeukemiaNet; FLT3-ITD, internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene; FLT3-TKD, tyrosine kinase domain mutation in the FLT3 gene.
Among patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML), the ELN Favorable Risk Category comprises patients with biallelic mutations in CEBPA and patients with mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD or with FLT3-ITDlow. The ELN Intermediate Risk Category includes patients with wild-type CEBPA and either wild-type NPM1 without FLT3-ITD, wild-type NPM1 and FLT3-ITDlow or mutated NPM1 and FLT3-ITDhigh. The ELN Adverse Risk Category comprises patients with wild-type CEBPA and wild-type NPM1 with FLT3-ITDhigh, patients with mutated TP53, and patients with mutated RUNX1 and/or mutated ASXL1 (if these mutations do not co-occur with Favorable-risk AML subtype). FLT3-ITDlow is defined by a FLT3-ITD/FLT3 wild-type allelic ratio of less than 0.5 and FLT3-ITDhigh is defined as by a FLT3-ITD/FLT3 wild-type allelic ratio of equal to or more than 0.5.
The median expression value was used as the cut point.