Table 1.
Age standardized baseline characteristics of participants according to mushroom consumption in 1986
| Frequency of mushroom consumption, per serving |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Never or Almost never | <1/week | 1/week | 2–4/week | 5+/week |
| Women (NHS) | |||||
| No of person | 15318 | 22614 | 18376 | 9100 | 2919 |
| Age (years) | 53.4 (7.2) | 53.0 (7.2) | 52.5 (7.1) | 52.9 (7.0) | 52.9 (6.8) |
| White (%) | 97.2 | 97.7 | 98.3 | 98.0 | 98.1 |
| Family history of cancer (%) | 15.8 | 16.3 | 16.5 | 16.8 | 16.4 |
| Height (cm) | 163.6 (6.1) | 163.8 (6.2) | 163.9 (6.2) | 164.0 (6.2) | 164.4 (6.2) |
| Body mass index | 25.3 (4.8) | 25.2 (4.8) | 25.4 (4.8) | 25.5 (4.8) | 25.3 (4.7) |
| Post-menopause (%) | 54.9 | 54.2 | 54.9 | 54.2 | 54.1 |
| Current hormone therapy use (%) | 13.3 | 14.3 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 16.6 |
| Physical examination in past 2 years (%) | 64.8 | 66.2 | 67.1 | 68.5 | 69.5 |
| History of colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (%) | 16.8 | 17.8 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 20.5 |
| Mammogram in past 2 years (%)a | 71.8 | 75.7 | 77.2 | 78.6 | 80.5 |
| Regular aspirin use (%) | 40.1 | 40.0 | 42.0 | 41.9 | 40.4 |
| Current use of multivitamin (%) | 39.7 | 42.2 | 43.0 | 44.8 | 45.8 |
| Physical activity (MET h/week) | 11.9 (19.1) | 12.8 (18.6) | 15.1 (21.6) | 16.6 (21.2) | 19.8 (25.9) |
| Never smoker (%) | 49.4 | 45.0 | 41.1 | 40.6 | 37.4 |
| No of pack years among ever smokers | 24.3 (19.1) | 23.0 (19.1) | 22.8 (18.9) | 22.1 (18.8) | 21.1 (18.2) |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 1553 (505) | 1536 (488) | 1567 (483) | 1602 (483) | 1625 (501) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 4.2 (8.3) | 6.0 (9.5) | 7.4 (10.3) | 8.1 (10.6) | 9.6 (11.8) |
| Red and processed meat (no of servings/week) | 7.0 (3.6) | 6.8 (3.4) | 6.9 (3.4) | 6.9 (3.5) | 6.5 (3.8) |
| Prudent pattern (highest quintile), % | 9.2 | 13.2 | 23.0 | 39.2 | 51.4 |
| Western pattern (highest quintile), % | 22.3 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 19.5 | 17.5 |
| Men (HPFS) | |||||
| No of person | 9962 | 16106 | 11708 | 5763 | 1125 |
| Age (years) | 55.8 (10.0) | 54.1 (9.8) | 53.1 (9.5) | 53.9 (9.7) | 53.7 (9.5) |
| White (%) | 89.5 | 89.8 | 90.7 | 90.5 | 89.5 |
| Family history of cancer (%) | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 7.3 |
| Height (cm) | 178.1 (7.0) | 178.1 (7.0) | 178.1 (7.2) | 178.1 (7.6) | 178.7 (6.7) |
| Body mass index | 25.4 (3.3) | 25.5 (3.4) | 25.6 (3.2) | 25.7 (3.6) | 25.8 (3.9) |
| Physical examination in past 2 years (%)a | 56.9 | 58.8 | 60.8 | 59.3 | 62.8 |
| History of colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (%) | 24.0 | 25.9 | 26.7 | 27.9 | 28.5 |
| Prostate specific antigen test in past 2 years (%)a | 35.1 | 37.8 | 37.6 | 38.2 | 39.4 |
| Regular aspirin use (%) | 29.4 | 29.4 | 28.7 | 29.4 | 32.3 |
| Current use of multivitamin (%) | 40.5 | 41.2 | 41.8 | 43.5 | 44.6 |
| Physical activity (MET h/week) | 18.7 (26.4) | 20.0 (27.8) | 22.0 (31.8) | 23.7 (30.2) | 29.0 (42.0) |
| Never smoker (%) | 49.0 | 43.7 | 43.8 | 43.4 | 40.8 |
| No of pack years among ever smokers | 26.3 (19.8) | 25.4 (19.5) | 25.0 (18.9) | 25.0 (19.3) | 23.1 (14.1) |
| Calorie intake (kcal/day) | 1906 (625) | 1921 (594) | 2036 (600) | 2157 (635) | 2298 (629) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 8.5 (14.2) | 11.1 (15.1) | 12.6 (15.8) | 13.5 (16.2) | 15.0 (18.0) |
| Red and processed meat (no of servings/week) | 7.1 (5.4) | 6.8 (5.0) | 6.8 (4.9) | 6.6 (5.2) | 6.1 (5.2) |
| Prudent pattern (highest quintile), % | 11.3 | 12.6 | 21.4 | 43.3 | 65.6 |
| Western pattern (highest quintile), % | 20.7 | 19.0 | 19.9 | 21.5 | 21.0 |
Abbreviation: HPFS, health professionals follow-up study; MET, metabolic equivalent task; NHS, nurses’ health study.
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population (except for age).
a
Data from 1988 for mammogram (women) and physical examination (men) and data from 1994 for prostate specific antigen test (men) due to the first availability of the data.