Table 4.

Mean Sex Differences within Diagnostic Approximation Groups

	Normal Learning and Functioning		Impaired Learning and Normal Functioning		Impaired Learning and Functioning
	Female n = 151	Male n = 170	Female n = 79	Male n = 118	Female n = 61	Male n = 90
Verbal Learninga	22.40* (3.84)	21.39 (3.97)	12.46 (3.30)	12.90 (3.20)	12.38 (3.25)	12.14 (3.14)
	Female n = 124	Male n = 173	Female n = 106	Male n = 115	Female n = 78	Male n = 86
Nonverbal Learningb	18.40 (5.49)	18.36 (5.38)	7.28 (2.96)	7.22 (3.12)	5.74 (2.93)	6.65 (3.10)
	Normal Recall and Functioning		Impaired Recall and Normal Functioning		Impaired Recall and Functioning
	Female n = 121	Male n = 143	Female n = 109	Male n = 145	Female n = 83	Male n = 101
Verbal Recallc	7.91* (1.90)	7.39 (1.90)	1.24 (1.92)	1.26 (1.92)	1.04 (1.64)	1.42* (1.90)
	Female n = 124	Male n = 175	Female n = 106	Male n = 113	Female n = 81	Male n = 89
Nonverbal Recalld	7.44 (2.28)	7.47 (2.82)	1.68 (1.36)	1.54 (1.33)	1.54 (1.37)	1.61 (1.36)

Note: Normal memory or learning defined by performing at or above 1.5 standard deviation below the mean using published normative values. Impaired memory or learning defined by performance below 1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean. Normal functioning defined by a total score of 0 to 33 on the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) and impaired functioning was defined as a total ADLQ score above 33.

^aHopkins Verbal Learning Test –Revised (HVLT-R) trials 1-3 total raw score, the range of possible scores is from 0 to 36

^bBrief Visuospatial Memory Test -Revised (BVMT-R) trials 1-3 total raw score, the range of possible scores is from 0 to 36

^cHVLT-R delayed recall raw score, the range of possible scores is from 0 to 12

^dBVMT-R delayed recall raw score, the range of possible scores is from 0 to 12

^*p < .05