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. 2019 Jul 3;62(9):1681–1688. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4936-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — CXCR5⁻PD-1^hiTIGIT⁺ T cells are increased in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. (a) tSNE plots of memory CD4⁺ T cells (pre-gated on viable CD3⁺CD4⁺CD45RA⁻ cells) from a combined batch of 10 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 10 healthy children as the control group. Colour indicates surface expression levels of labelled markers. The manually gated CXCR5⁻PD-1^hi cluster (red arrows) also expresses high levels of TIGIT and co-localises with the CXCR5⁺PD-1^hi cluster (blue arrows). (b) The frequency of memory CD4⁺ T cells within the CXCR5⁻PD-1^hi cluster in 10 children with type 1 diabetes compared with 10 healthy children (control group) analysed in batch. Median values with interquartile range are shown. *p<0.05; Mann–Whitney U test