Fig. 2.

Blindfolded and control B. betularia larvae from achromatic and chromatic dowel treatments. a Examples of final instar blindfolded (first and third from left) and control (second and fourth from left) larvae on black and white treatment dowels. b Luminance of black and white larvae and dowels, calculated from double dorsal blue tit cone catches, where BL = black, W = white, D = dowel, C = control larvae, and P = painted or blindfolded larvae. c Reflectance of black and white larvae (mean and standard error) and dowels in the visible wavelength range (300–700 nm, where black = black dowel (BLD), blue = white dowel (WD), red = black control larvae (BLC: n = 29), green = black blindfolded larvae (BLP: n = 45), yellow = white control larvae (WC: n = 26), and magenta = white blindfolded larvae (WP: n = 49). d Examples of final instar blindfolded (two outermost) and control (two innermost) larvae on brown and green treatment dowels. e ‘Greenness’ of brown and green larvae and dowels, calculated as a ratio of mediumwave (MW) to longwave (LW) blue tit cone catches [MW/(MW + LW)], where B = brown, G = green, D = dowel, C = control larvae, and P = painted or blindfolded larvae. f Reflectance of brown and green larvae (mean and standard error) and dowels, where black = brown dowel (BD), blue = green dowel (GD), yellow = brown control larvae (BC: n = 44), magenta = brown blindfolded larvae (BP: n = 50), green = green control larvae (GC: n = 36), and red = green blindfolded larvae (GP: n = 31). n = number of biologically independent samples