Fig. 3.

Frequency of resting background colour chosen by B. betularia caterpillars. Mean frequency, as proportions of final instar B. betularia blindfolded and control caterpillars found on each dowel colour (contrasting luminance green or brown). Individual larvae from blindfolding experiments were placed in either diagonal dowel arenas (a), or horizontal dowel arenas (b) and their resting choice was recorded after 12 h. Sample sizes (number of biologically independent replicates) are, for crossed dowel and horizontal experiments, respectively: brown control (n = 60 and 34), brown blindfolded (n = 56 and 34), green control (n = 59 and 37), and green blindfolded (n = 51 and 32)