Table 4.
Hazard ratio according to resting heart rate and incident atrial fibrillation.
| Resting Heart Rate (bpm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50 | 50–59 | 60–70 | 70–85 | >85 | ||
| No. with AF | 5 (3.6%) | 52 (2.8%) | 87 (1.7%) | 21 (1.3%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| Incidence rate | 3.74 | 2.81 | 1.75 | 1.40 | 2.55 | |
| Crude | HR (95% CI) | 2.69 (1.01–7.12) | 2.00 (1.21–3.32) | 1.24 (0.77–2.00) | 1 | 1.93 (0.45–8.24) |
| p-value | 0.047 | 0.007 | 0.370 | 0.374 | ||
| Model 1 | HR (95% CI) | 2.54 (0.95–6.79) | 1.86 (1.11–3.12) | 1.24 (0.77–2.00) | 1 | 1.75 (0.41–7.46) |
| p-value | 0.064 | 0.018 | 0.375 | 0.452 | ||
| Model 2 | HR (95% CI) | 2.54 (0.94–6.88) | 1.93 (1.14–3.26) | 1.27 (0.79–2.06) | 1 | 1.82 (0.43–7.83) |
| p-value | 0.066 | 0.015 | 0.327 | 0.419 | ||
| Model 3 | HR (95% CI) | 2.56 (0.95–6.88) | 1.97 (1.17–3.32) | 1.27 (0.79–2.06) | 1 | 1.83 (0.43–7.87) |
| p- value | 0.062 | 0.011 | 0.323 | 0.415 | ||
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, residence, education.
Model 2: Model 1 + BMI, comorbidity, alcohol, and smoking.
Model 3: Model 2 + physical activities.
AF, atrial fibrillation; Incidence rate, per 1000 person-year; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.