Table 1.
Demographics and clinical assessments for MEG and fMRI connectivitya.
| HC (n = 24) | SZ (n = 21)b | t/χ2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 24.13 ± 5.02 | 23.52 ± 4.64 | 0.415 | 0.680 |
| Gender (male/female) | 17/7 | 15/6 | 0.002 | 0.965 |
| Parental SESc | 3.46 ± 3.32 | 4.25 ± 4.38 | 6.272 | 0.617 |
| Educationd | 3.08 ± 0.58 | 2.85 ± 0.59 | 1.747 | 0.418 |
| Smoking (packs per day) | 0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.15 | −1.607 | 0.121 |
| Duration of Illness (months)e | – | 18.58 ± 26.68 | – | – |
| BPRSf (n = 19) | ||||
| Total score | – | 32.26 ± 9.82 | ||
| Positive symptom subscale | – | 5.05 ± 2.95 | ||
| Negative symptom subscale | – | 5.74 ± 2.21 | ||
| SANSg (n = 17) | ||||
| Total composite scoreh | – | 21.56 ± 17.81 | ||
| Global summary score | – | 6.47 ± 4.96 | ||
| SAPSi (n = 17) | ||||
| Total composite score | – | 7.12 ± 11.77 | ||
| Global summary score | – | 2.47 ± 3.48 | ||
| RBANSj | ||||
| Total index | 93.43 ± 8.66 | 74.35 ± 15.31 | 4.579 | <0.001 |
| Immediate memory | 99.67 ± 12.11 | 79.65 ± 14.81 | 4.587 | <0.001 |
| Visuospatial | 86.24 ± 14.98 | 79.94 ± 17.15 | 1.208 | 0.235 |
| Language | 103.71 ± 10.72 | 82.82 ± 11.17 | 5.862 | <0.001 |
| Attention | 96.14 ± 13.54 | 76.47 ± 20.66 | 3.532 | 0.001 |
| Delayed Memory | 92.05 ± 8.27 | 79.88 ± 19.60 | 2.393 | 0.026 |
Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; SZ, schizophrenia; SES, socioeconomic status; Y, yes; N, no; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; RBANS, Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status.
Mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
SZ values for SES, education, and smoking (packs per day) calculated with n = 20 due to data missing for one patient.
SES ranks reported from Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies scale (1–18); high rank (lower numerical value) corresponds to high socioeconomic status.
Years of education reported from Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies scale.
Duration of illness (months) calculated with n = 19 due to missing data for 2 patients.
BPRS reported on 1–7 scale; positive (conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, and unusual thought content); negative (emotional withdrawal, motor retardation, and blunted affect).
SANS includes five subscales: affective flattening or blunting, alogia, avolition-apathy, anhedonia-asociality, and attention.
SANS average total composite score calculated with data from 16 SZ due to missing data from one SZ.
SAPS includes four subscales: hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and positive formal thought disorder.
RBANS data missing from 3 HC (n = 21) and 3 SZ (n = 17).