Table 3.

Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with presenteeism

	OR	P value	95%CI
Borderline cases of anxiety	2.046	0.100	0.872 to 4.802
Abnormal cases of anxiety	5.370	0.000	2.096 to 13.760
Borderline cases of depression	3.319	0.005	1.427 to 7.717
Abnormal cases of depression	5.350	0.000	2.214 to 12.925
Gender	1.072	0.705	0.748 to 1.537
Age (years)
30–39	1.067	0.863	0.510 to 2.235
40–49	2.791	0.040	1.047 to 7.435
50–59	5.126	0.033	1.142 to 22.999
60 or above	0.562	0.622	0.057 to 5.558
Highest education level
Bachelor	0.984	0.981	0.246 to 3.925
Master	1.380	0.651	0.342 to 5.569
PhD	5.622	0.023	1.264 to 25.010
Marital status
Married or cohabited	0.858	0.687	0.407 to 1.808
Divorced or widowed	0.657	0.376	0.259 to 1.667
Pregnancy status	1.735	0.064	0.969 to 3.105
No of children
1	1.432	0.167	0.861 to 2.383
2	2.620	0.004	1.357 to 5.060
3 or more	9.359	0.195	0.319 to 274.485
History of chronic diseases in the past year	0.887	0.707	0.476 to 1.656
People management duty	0.269	0.000	0.162 to 0.445
Level of seniority
Junior staff	0.733	0.329	0.393 to 1.368
Middle management	0.598	0.161	0.291 to 1.228
Sub-top management	1.507	0.435	0.538 to 4.219
Top management	0.874	0.826	0.262 to 2.909
Weekly work hours
35–39 hours	0.467	0.100	0.189 to 1.157
40 hours	0.455	0.060	0.201 to 1.033
41–45 hours	0.441	0.062	0.187 to 1.040
46 hours or more	0.409	0.124	0.131 to 1.278
Reward system for full attendance	0.833	0.394	0.547 to 1.268
Ease of replacement (‘work left undone’)
Somewhat less than half	0.728	0.220	0.438 to 1.209
Somewhat more than half	0.390	0.001	0.224 to 0.679
Virtually all	1.117	0.805	0.462 to 2.701
Superior’s leadership type
Democratic	1.195	0.451	0.753 to 1.896
Laissez-faire	0.855	0.542	0.516 to 1.416
Time working at the current hospital	1.089	0.003	1.029 to 1.153
Monthly salary (log*)	0.043	0.004	0.05 to 0.362

Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

*Log (monthly salary) was used to enhance the relationship between the variable and presenteeism.