Table 1.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in vaginal, fingertip, oral and household samples from 65 adolescent girls
| Overall | Vaginal HPV n (%) | Fingertip HPV n (%) | Oral HPV n (%) | Household HPV n (%) | |
| HPV (at same visit) | |||||
| Vaginal HPV (adequate samples from all 65 girls) | p=0.19 | p=0.62 | p=0.62 | ||
| Yes | 23 (35) | n/a | 4 (33) | 2 (9) | 2 (5) |
| No | 42 (65) | n/a | 3 (13) | 2 (5) | 2 (10) |
| Fingertip HPV (adequate samples from 36 girls*) | p=0.19 | p=0.005 | p=1.00 | ||
| Yes | 7 (19) | 4 (57) | n/a | 3 (43) | 1 (17) |
| No | 29 (81) | 8 (28) | n/a | 0 (0) | 3 (12) |
| Oral HPV (adequate samples from 63 girls*) | p=0.62 | p=0.005 | p=0.12 | ||
| Yes | 4 (6) | 2 (50) | 3 (100) | n/a | 1 (33) |
| No | 59 (94) | 2 (36) | 4 (13) | n/a | 3 (6) |
| Household HPV (samples from 58 girls) | p=0.62 | p=1.00 | p=0.20 | ||
| Yes | 4 (7) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | n/a |
| No | 54 (93) | 19 (35) | 5 (19) | 2 (4) | n/a |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | p=1.00 | p=0.16 | p=0.56 | p=1.00 | |
| 16–17 | 49 (75) | 17 (35) | 7 (26) | 4 (8) | 3 (7) |
| 18–19 | 16 (25) | 6 (37) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
| Residence | p=0.79 | p=1.00 | p=1.00 | p=0.04 | |
| Urban | 28 (43) | 9 (32) | 3 (17) | 2 (7) | 4 (15) |
| Rural | 37 (57) | 14 (38) | 4 (22) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Married | p=0.44 | p=0.07 | p=0.03 | p=0.63 | |
| Yes | 38 (58) | 8 (30) | 5 (38) | 4 (15) | 1 (4) |
| No | 27 (42) | 15 (39) | 2 (9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9) |
| Household wealth | p=0.95 | p=0.003 | p=0.04 | p=0.08 | |
| High | 17 (26) | 6 (35) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
| Medium | 21 (32) | 8 (38) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Low | 27 (42) | 9 (33) | 6 (55) | 4 (16) | 3 (20) |
| Sexual behaviour | |||||
| Recent vaginal sex† | p=0.47 | p=0.17 | p=0.09 | p=0.46 | |
| Yes | 10 (15) | 2 (20) | 3 (37) | 2 (22) | 1 (13) |
| No | 55 (85) | 21 (38) | 4 (14) | 2 (4) | 3 (6) |
| Recent kissing (any type)† | p=1.00 | p=1.00 | p=0.63 | p=0.63 | |
| Yes | 25 (38) | 9 (36) | 2 (15) | 2 (8) | 2 (9) |
| No | 40 (62) | 14 (35) | 5 (22) | 2 (5) | 2 (6) |
| Oral-penile contact ever | p=0.004 | p=1.00 | p=0.71 | ||
| Yes | 5 (8) | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 |
| No | 60 (92) | 18 (30) | 6 (19) | 4 (7) | 0 |
| Recent hand-genital contact with a male partner† | p=1.00 | p=0.60 | p=0.06 | p=1.00 | |
| Yes | 17 (26) | 6 (35) | 2 (29) | 3 (18) | 1 (6) |
| No | 48 (74) | 17 (35) | 5 (17) | 1 (2) | 3 (7) |
| Intravaginal practices | |||||
| Recently cleansed inside the vagina† | p=0.79 | p=0.40 | p=0.63 | p=0.62 | |
| Yes | 40 (62) | 15 (38) | 5 (28) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) |
| No | 25 (38) | 8 (32) | 2 (11) | 2 (8) | 2 (10) |
P values are derived from Fisher’s exact test or χ2 tests.
*An adequate sample was one in which β-globin was detected.
†Recent sex/kissing or hand-genital contact is defined as reporting this in the period between the last visit of the cohort study attended and this visit.
n/a, not available.