Table 3.
Mean (and SE) contribution of education to the BHS by age group
| (A) Men | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
| β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | |
| 20–40 years old (reference high SEP, n=381) | ||||||
| Low (n=29) | 0.84 (0.53) 1.09e-01 |
0.86 (0.52) 1.01e-01 |
0.76 (0.52) 1.40e-01 |
0.56 (0.52) 2.79e-01 |
0.59 (0.52) 2.63e-01 |
0.29 (0.46) 5.24e-01 |
| Intermediate (n=331) |
0.4 (0.2) 5.12e-02 |
0.42 (0.2) 3.80e-02 |
0.43 (0.2) 3.52e-02 |
0.36 (0.2) 7.70e-02 |
0.36 (0.2) 8.06e-02 |
0.01 (0.18) 9.47e-01 |
| 41–52 years old (reference high SEP, n=339) | ||||||
| Low (n=39) | 0.42 (0.42) 3.17e-01 |
0.45 (0.43) 2.92e-01 |
0.4 (0.42) 3.40e-01 |
0.4 (0.42) 3.44e-01 |
0.09 (0.42) 8.39e-01 |
0.04 (0.39) 9.28e-01 |
| Intermediate (n=441) |
0.43 (0.18) 1.70e-02 |
0.43 (0.18) 1.76e-02 |
0.44 (0.18) 1.39e-02 |
0.45 (0.18) 1.18e-02 |
0.37 (0.18) 4.14e-02 |
0.19 (0.17) 2.61e-01 |
| 53–64 years old (reference high SEP, n=330) | ||||||
| Low (n=108) |
0.86 (0.27) 1.30e-03 |
0.77 (0.27) 4.11e-03 |
0.69 (0.26) 8.97e-03 |
0.65 (0.26) 1.45e-02 |
0.67 (0.28) 1.51e-02 |
0.55 (0.26) 3.60e-02 |
| Intermediate (n=436) |
0.39 (0.17) 2.68e-02 |
0.37 (0.17) 3.54e-02 |
0.32 (0.17) 6.58e-02 |
0.31 (0.17) 6.84e-02 |
0.3 (0.18) 8.53e-02 |
0.2 (0.17) 2.30e-01 |
| 65–79 years old (reference high SEP, n=277) | ||||||
| Low (n=207) |
0.58 (0.2) 4.51e-03 |
0.54 (0.2) 7.70e-03 |
0.51 (0.2) 1.21e-02 |
0.45 (0.2) 2.66e-02 |
0.33 (0.21) 1.11e-01 |
0.25 (0.2) 2.13e-01 |
| Intermediate (n=407) |
0.44 (0.17) 1.12e-02 |
0.38 (0.17) 2.86e-02 |
0.35 (0.17) 4.34e-02 |
0.33 (0.17) 5.44e-02 |
0.26 (0.17) 1.35e-01 |
0.18 (0.16) 2.63e-01 |
| (B) Women | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
| β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | β (SE) p value | |
| 20–40 years old (reference high SEP, n=581) | ||||||
| Low (n=28) |
2.1 (0.47) 1.01e-05 |
2.07 (0.47) 1.45e-05 |
1.95 (0.46) 2.54e-05 |
1.73 (0.46) 1.61e-04 |
1.66 (0.46) 2.84e-04 |
1.02 (0.41) 1.22e-02 |
| Intermediate (n=445) |
0.63 (0.15) 4.59e-05 |
0.63 (0.15) 5.46e-05 |
0.54 (0.15) 4.00e-04 |
0.56 (0.15) 1.90e-04 |
0.54 (0.15) 3.24e-04 |
0.33 (0.13) 1.53e-02 |
| 41–52 years old (reference high SEP, n=508) | ||||||
| Low (n=68) |
1.23 (0.34) 2.52e-04 |
1.21 (0.34) 3.23e-04 |
0.87 (0.32) 7.41e-03 |
0.74 (0.32) 2.14e-02 |
0.33 (0.33) 3.15e-01 |
0.2 (0.3) 5.01e-01 |
| Intermediate (n=622) |
0.61 (0.16) 9.20e-05 |
0.59 (0.16) 1.66e-04 |
0.49 (0.15) 1.17e-03 |
0.48 (0.15) 1.19e-03 |
0.31 (0.15) 3.50e-02 |
0.19 (0.13) 1.50e-01 |
| 53–64 years old (reference high SEP, n=367) | ||||||
| Low (n=213) |
1.27 (0.2) 1.91e-10 |
1.24 (0.2) 6.67e-10 |
1.01 (0.2) 4.52e-07 |
0.95 (0.2) 2.08e-06 |
0.73 (0.2) 3.63e-04 |
0.58 (0.19) 2.57e-03 |
| Intermediate (n=520) |
0.37 (0.16) 1.69e-02 |
0.38 (0.16) 1.66e-02 |
0.3 (0.15) 5.13e-02 |
0.3 (0.15) 5.53e-02 |
0.2 (0.16) 2.07e-01 |
0.09 (0.15) 5.42e-01 |
| 65–79 years old (reference high SEP, n=279) | ||||||
| Low (n=294) |
0.47 (0.19) 1.45e-02 |
0.45 (0.19) 2.11e-02 |
0.35 (0.19) 7.28e-02 |
0.32 (0.19) 1.01e-01 |
0.27 (0.2) 1.82e-01 |
0.17 (0.19) 3.76e-01 |
| Intermediate (n=409) | −0.08 (0.18) 6.50e-01 |
−0.1 (0.18) 5.95e-01 |
−0.14 (0.18) 4.36e-01 |
−0.16 (0.18) 3.85e-01 |
−0.19 (0.18) 2.93e-01 |
−0.19 (0.17) 2.75e-01 |
Results are presented in men (A) and women (B) separately and effects are calculated for the unadjusted model (model 1) and for models sequentially adjusting for marital status and overcrowding (model 2), comorbidities (model 3), medical treatments (model 4), smoking, physical activity and alcohol (model 5), and BMI (model 6). These analyses are restricted to (n=3325 men and n=4334 women) participants with full information on the confounders included in these six models. For each age group, the difference between the effect estimated in the low and intermediate SEP (Socio Economic Position) groups and that of the high SEP group was tested using a Student’s t-test, and differences with p values below the nominal 0.05 significance level are reported in bold.
BHS, Biological Health Score; BMI, body mass index.