Table 1.

Distribution of men (%), age-standardised all-cause mortality rate difference (RD)* and rate ratio (RR)† with their 95% CIs by occupational class‡

	1995–1999				2010–2014 (2005–2009§)					1995–1999 (2000–2004¶)				2010–2014 (2005–2009§, 2015**)
	%	RD	RR	95% CI	%	RD	RR	95% CI		%	RD	RR	95% CI	%	RD	RR	95% CI
Finland									Italy (Turin)§
Upper non-manual	17	0	1.00 (reference)		21	0	1.00 (reference)		Upper non-manual	18	0	1.00 (reference)		24	0	1.00 (reference)
Lower non-manual	18	156	1.44	1.37 to 1.51	21	168	1.68	1.59 to 1.77	Lower non-manual	22	84	1.28	1.12 to 1.45	21	39	1.15	0.98 to 1.33
Manual	47	521	2.43	2.34 to 2.53	43	392	2.57	2.46 to 2.69	Manual	44	204	1.67	1.50 to 1.86	38	155	1.62	1.42 to 1.83
Farmers	8	242	1.68	1.59 to 1.77	4	221	1.83	1.70 to 1.98	Farmers	–	–	–	–	0.2	421	2.73	1.41 to 5.30
Self-employed	10	184	1.53	1.45 to 1.61	11	154	1.61	1.51 to 1.71	Self-employed	17	170	1.48	1.30 to 1.69	17	142	1.56	1.35 to 1.81
Denmark									Estonia¶
Upper non-manual	35	0	1.00 (reference)		38	0	1.00 (reference)		Upper non-manual	34	0	1.00 (reference)		40	0	1.00 (reference)
Lower non-manual	10	256	1.57	1.48 to 1.68	12	237	1.77	1.66 to 1.89	Lower non-manual	6	516	1.70	1.51 to 1.91	8	376	1.85	1.59 to 2.16
Manual	41	439	1.99	1.91 to 2.08	40	359	2.24	2.14 to 2.35	Manual	47	875	2.15	2.02 to 2.28	44	594	2.36	2.16 to 2.59
Farmers	1	303	1.81	1.56 to 2.11	1	698	3.25	2.53 to 4.18	Farmers	13	532	1.69	1.57 to 1.82	8	337	1.74	1.54 to 1.97
Self-employed	13	−65	0.86	0.81 to 0.91	9	−74	0.71	0.66 to 0.78	Self-employed	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
England/Wales									Lithuania¶
Upper non-manual	7	0	1.00 (reference)		40	0	1.00 (reference)		Upper non-manual	22	0	1.00 (reference)		29	0	1.00 (reference)
Lower non-manual	40	92	1.32	1.07 to 1.63	7	50	1.23	0.92 to 1.64	Lower non-manual	6	382	1.48	1.34 to 1.64	9	353	1.53	1.38 to 1.69
Manual	52	271	1.88	1.54 to 2.31	36	167	1.69	1.45 to 1.96	Manual	49	854	2.17	2.05 to 2.29	47	1001	2.43	2.28 to 2.59
Farmers	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	Farmers	5	960	2.29	2.12 to 2.47	2	336	1.54	1.32 to 1.79
Self-employed	–	–	–	–	18	49	1.20	0.99 to 1.46	Self-employed	18	624	1.82	1.71 to 1.94	13	−93	0.88	0.80 to 0.96
France§									Japan**
Upper non-manual	38	0	1.00 (reference)		39	0	1.00 (reference)		Upper non-manual	20	0	1.00 (reference)		21	0	1.00 (reference)
Lower non-manual	10	400	1.90	1.62 to 2.23	12	308	1.78	1.52 to 2.08	Lower non-manual	32	94	1.23	1.20 to 1.26	37	−99	0.71	0.69 to 0.73
Manual	36	544	2.24	2.00 to 2.50	35	385	1.99	1.78 to 2.23	Manual	43	43	1.13	1.10 to 1.15	40	−19	0.93	0.90 to 0.96
Farmers	10	137	1.29	1.09 to 1.53	9	24	1.01	0.84 to 1.22	Farmers	5	674	2.45	2.38 to 2.52	3	559	2.39	2.27 to 2.52
Self-employed	5	46	1.13	0.91 to 1.40	4	55	1.06	0.82 to 1.39	Self-employed	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	– –
Switzerland									South Korea**
Upper non-manual	50	0	1.00 (reference)		48	0	1.00 (reference)		Upper non-manual	25	0	1.00 (reference)		22	0	1.00 (reference)
Lower non-manual	16	242	1.63	1.57 to 1.70	15	182	1.72	1.62 to 1.83	Lower non-manual	23	1022	3.80	3.66 to 3.95	32	−57	0.92	0.89 to 0.95
Manual	17	408	2.05	1.98 to 2.13	20	284	2.17	2.06 to 2.28	Manual	36	436	2.48	2.39 to 2.57	44	−199	0.63	0.61 to 0.65
Farmers	5	59	1.17	1.10 to 1.24	4	95	1.40	1.27 to 1.53	Farmers	15	1011	3.97	3.82 to 4.12	4	502	1.96	1.88 to 2.06
Self-employed	13	105	1.27	1.22 to 1.32	12	53	1.22	1.15 to 1.30	Self-employed	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

*RDs were calculated using direct method with the 2013 European standard population.

†RRs and 95% CIs were estimated with Poisson regression adjusting age.

‡Results were applied to correction factors by countries and periods.

§France and Italy (Turin) in 2005–2009.

¶Estonia and Lithuania in 2000–2004.

**Japan and South Korea in 2015.