Table 1.

Included studies (n=18), ordered according to outcomes reported

Study identifier	Study population	Study design	Review topics
Great Britain 25	Female students aged ≤27 years; universities and further education colleges, London, Great Britain	Cohort study	Incidence, persistence, PID
Kenya 226	Female sex workers aged 18–35 years; Kariobangi Nairobi City Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Cohort study	Incidence, persistence
Kenya 328	Female sex workers, median age 35.3 years; municipal STI clinic Mombasa, Kenya	Cohort study	Incidence, persistence
Uganda 127	Female sex workers aged 18–40 years; red light areas within southern Kampala, Uganda	Cohort study	Incidence, persistence
Australia 329	Young women aged 16–25 years; primary health clinics in Melbourne, Australia	Cohort study	Incidence
USA/Kenya 130	High-risk women aged 18–45 years; research clinics in Mombasa and Nairobi, Kenya and Birmingham, USA	Cohort study	Incidence
USA 731	Women aged 14–17 years and their partners; urban primary healthcare centres, Indianapolis, USA	Cohort study, cross-sectional sampling of couples	Persistence, concordance
Great Britain 834	Women and their partners; STI clinic, St. Mary's Hospital, London, Great Britain	Cross-sectional	Concordance
Great Britain 933	Men and their partners; STI clinic, St. Mary's Hospital, London, Great Britain	Cross-sectional	Concordance
Peru 135	Couples, men aged 19–60 years, women aged 18–55 years; two STI clinics, Lima, Peru	Cross-sectional	Concordance
USA 832	Mexican-American and African-American women with non-viral STI aged 14–45 years and their male partners; San Antonio Metropolitan Health District STI Clinic, USA	Cross-sectional	Concordance
Sweden 236	Men aged 16–67 years and their partners; Örebrö University Hospital STI clinic, Sweden	Index cases and sexual partners	Concordance
Sweden 537	Women aged 14–55 years and men aged 17–67 years and their partners; STI clinic, Falun, Sweden	Index cases and sexual partners	Concordance
Sweden 1138	Women aged 15–54 years and their partners; Örebrö University Hospital STI clinic, Sweden	Index cases and sexual partners	Concordance
Sweden 1239	Male patients with symptomatic recurrent and/or persistent urethritis aged 20–47 years and their partners; STI clinic, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Index cases and sexual partners	Concordance
Australia 640	Partners of index cases with M. genitalium, median age of female heterosexual partners 26 years; male heterosexual partners 28 years; MSM partners 29 years; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia	Index cases and sexual partners	Concordance
Sweden 1041	Women after medical or surgical termination of pregnancy aged 17–40 years; gynaecological outpatient department Malmö University Hospital, Sweden	Nested case–control study	PID*
USA 642	Women after treatment and cure of PID aged 14–37 years; multiple clinical sites in the USA	Cohort study	PID†

*Post-abortion upper genital tract infection.

†Endometritis considered as confirmed PID.

MSM, men who have sex with men; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STI, sexually transmitted infection.