Table 3.
ΔGLS | |||
Univariate | |||
Unstandardized b | 95% CI | p value | |
Age | −0.292 | −0.815–0.231 | 0.061 |
BMI | −0.089 | −0.224–0.087 | 0.039 |
Duration of diabetes | −0.889 | −2.455–0.677 | 0.023 |
Smoking | −1.380 | −2.752–0.008 | 0.049 |
Hypertension | −3.170 | −8.095–1.755 | 0.017 |
HbA1c | −0.724 | −1.358–0.331 | 0.009 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.923 | −0.795–1.720 | 0.033 |
Incretin-based agents | 1.178 | −0.811–2.348 | 0.011 |
Multivariate | |||
Duration of diabetes | −0.209 | −0.756–0.343 | 0.048 |
Hypertension | −2.155 | −3.545–1.942 | 0.046 |
HbA1c | −0.523 | −1.576–1.190 | 0.039 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.876 | −1.109–2.141 | 0.041 |
Incretin-based agents | 0.687 | −3.518–5.269 | 0.037 |
ΔPWV | |||
Univariate | |||
Unstandardized b | 95% CI | p value | |
Age | −0.880 | −1.297–0.172 | 0.018 |
BMI | −0.061 | −0.179–0.055 | 0.070 |
Smoking | −1.438 | −3.608–0.731 | 0.017 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.562 | −0.133–0.992 | 0.004 |
Incretin-based agents | 2.244 | −0.872–3.617 | 0.002 |
Multivariate | |||
Age | −0.435 | −0.423–0.038 | 0.021 |
Smoking | −1.203 | −2.443–0.085 | 0.036 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.447 | −0.064–1.088 | 0.025 |
Incretin-based agents | 1.237 | −0.215–2.514 | 0.029 |
ΔPBR | |||
Univariate | |||
Unstandardized b | 95% CI | p value | |
BMI | −0.058 | −0.054–0.170 | 0.009 |
Duration of diabetes | −0.188 | −0.449–0.073 | 0.093 |
Hypertension | −0.603 | −0.764–0.178 | 0.033 |
Dyslipidemia | −0.831 | −1.010–0.147 | 0.030 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.650 | 0.224–0.997 | 0.016 |
Incretin-based agents | 0.687 | 0.305–1.035 | 0.037 |
Basal insulin analogs | 0.864 | −1.183–2.519 | 0.010 |
Multivariate | |||
BMI | −0.031 | −0.059–−0.021 | 0.041 |
Hypertension | −0.427 | −0.837–−0.018 | 0.044 |
Dyslipidemia | −0.245 | −1.804–0.343 | 0.045 |
ΔHbA1c | 0.395 | −0.039–0.772 | 0.038 |
Incretin-based agents | 0.429 | −0.029–0.787 | 0.047 |
Basal insulin analog | 0.628 | 0.539–1.918 | 0.042 |
ΔFMD% | |||
Univariate | |||
Unstandardized b | 95% CI | p value | |
Age | −0.417 | −1.502–0.919 | 0.034 |
Duration of diabetes | −2.269 | −4.565–0.027 | 0.017 |
HbA1c | −0.171 | −2.043–1.701 | 0.084 |
Incretin-based agents | 1.491 | −1.953–4.253 | 0.014 |
Basal insulin analogs | 1.092 | 0.345–2.495 | 0.013 |
Multivariate | |||
Age | −0.399 | −0.432–0.012 | 0.046 |
Duration of diabetes | −0.980 | −2.135–0.532 | 0.029 |
Incretin-based agents | 1.159 | 0.913–2.384 | 0.034 |
Basal insulin analogs | 0.894 | 0.574–1.898 | 0.046 |
Δ: change between baseline and 12-month follow-up. GLS, global longitudinal strain; PWV, pulse wave velocity; PBR, perfused boundary region of the sublingual arterial micro-vessels ranging from 5–25 μm; FMD, flow-mediaded dilatation of the brachial artery; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; Incretin-based agents: DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. The HbA1c value refers to baseline.