Table 5.

Ireland Eye Study presenting visual acuity in the right eye

Presenting visual acuity	n	Mean logMAR (SD)	n	Mean logMAR (SD)
	6–7 years old		12–13 years
All	728	0.01 (0.16)*	898	−0.07 (0.20)
Boys	377	0.01 (0.15)†	504	−0.07 (0.21)†
Girls	351	0.01 (0.17)	394	−0.07 (0.19)
White	582	−0.01 (0.14)‡	708	−0.07 (0.20)§
Traveller	65	0.08 (0.24)	86	−0.07 (0.18)
Non-white	146	0.06 (0.24)	104	−0.04 (0.22)
Emmetropia	522	0.00 (0.17)	639	−0.12 (0.14)
Myopia ≤−0.50 DS	24	0.15 (0.20)¶	179	0.07 (0.29)¶
Hyperopia ≥+2.00 DS	182	0.04 (0.16)¶	80	0.03 (0.21)¶
Astigmatism ≥1 DC	140	0.11 (0.21)¶	143	0.06 (0.23)¶

*Statistically significant difference between age groups (Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of means in non-parametric data).

†No statistically significant gender difference (Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of means in non-parametric data).

‡Statistically significant ethnic difference (Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of means in non-parametric data).

§No statistically significant ethnic difference (Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of means in non-parametric data).

¶Statistically significant difference in presenting vision compared with those without refractive error (Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of means in non-parametric data).

DC, dioptre cylinder; DS, dioptre sphere; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.