Table 1.
Overview of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related genes. Genes related to PD pathogenesis are listed in Table 1. The locus of genes, hereditary properties, and the onset of disease are described. AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive.
| Loci | Gene | Protein | Position | Inheritance | Onset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARK1 | SNCA | Alpha-synuclein | 4q21 | AD, sporadic | Early or late |
| PARK2 | PRKN | Parkin | 6q25–q27 | AR, sporadic | Early |
| PARK3 | Unknown | Unknown | 2p13 | AD | Late |
| PARK5 | UCHL1 | Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 | 4p14 | AD | Late |
| PARK6 | PINK1 | PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 | 1p35–p36 | AR | Early |
| PARK7 | DJ-1 | Protein DJ-1 | 1p36 | AR | Early |
| PARK8 | LRRK2 | Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 | 12q12 | AD, sporadic | Early or late |
| PARK9 | ATP13A2 | ATPase 13A2 | 1p36 | AR | Early |
| PARK10 | Unknown | Unknown | 1p32 | Unknown | Unknown |
| PARK11 | GIGYF2 | GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2 | 2q36–q37 | AD | Late |
| PARK12 | Unknown | Unknown | Xq21–q25 | Unknown | Unknown |
| PARK13 | HTRA2 | Serine peptidase 2 | 2p13 | AD | Late |
| PARK14 | PLA2G6 | Phospholipase A2 Group VI | 22q12–q13 | AR | Early |
| PARK15 | FBX07 | F-Box protein 7 | 22q12–q13 | AR | Early |
| PARK17 | VPS35 | Vacuolar protein sorting 35 | 16q11.2 | AD | Late |
| PARK18 | EIF4G1 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1 | 3q27.1 | AD | Late |
| PARK19 | DNAJC6 | DNAJ subfamily C member 6 | 1p31.3 | AR | Early |
| PARK20 | SYNJ1 | Synaptojanin-1 | 21q22.11 | AR | Early |
| PARK21 | DNAJC13 | DNAJ subfamily C member 13 | 3q22.1 | AD | Early |
| PARK22 | CHCHD2 | Coiled coil-helix-coiled coil-helix domain 2 | 7p11.2 | AD | Late |
| PARK23 | VPS13C | Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C | 15q22.2 | AR | Early |
| - | GBA | Glucocerebrosidase | 1q21 | AD | Unknown |