Table 2.
Review on metabolomics studies oriented on the composition of small EVs from different sources.
| Cell Type/Body Fluid | Method of EVs Purification and Characterization | MS Approach | Detected Groups of Metabolites |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human dendritic cells and RBL-2H3 mast cells | UC/EM | HPLC-MS | lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST) | [7] |
| Seminal fluid: vasectomized men | UC + SEC/NTA, Cryo-EM, WB | APCI-HPLC-MS | lipids (GP, SP, ST) | [11] |
| Human B cells (RN HLA-DR15+) | UC + SEC/EM, WB | Q-TOF TLC-MS; MALDI-TOF-TLC-MS |
lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST) | [48] |
| PANC1 cancer cell line; human plasma: endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients and healthy controls |
UC/NTA, WB | UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS | lipids (FA, GP, SP, ST, PR), carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, sugars, cyclic alcohols, nucleotides, and nucleosides | [50] |
| Human urine: prostate cancer patients and healthy controls | UC/NTA, EM, WB | QqQ ESI LC-MS | lipids (GL, GP, SP, ST) | [89] |
| Human urine: prostate cancer patients and healthy controls | FFF/TEM, WB | nUPLC-ESI-MS | lipids (GL, GP, SP, ST) | [52] |
| Human urine: renal carcinoma patients and healthy controls | UC/WB | microLC Q-TOF MS | lipids (GP, SP) | [90] |
| PC-3 cell line (prostate cancer) | UC/EM, WB | QqQ ESI LC-MS; UHPLC-MS |
lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST) |
[91] |
| PC3, DU145, VCaP, LNCaP, C4–2, and RWPE-1 cell lines (prostate cancer) | UC/TEM, WB | UPLC-MS | lipids (GL, GP, SP, ST) | [92] |
| LIM1215 cell line (colorectal cancer) | UC/TEM, WB | nESI-LC-MS; HCD-MS/MS |
lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST) | [93] |
| FEMX-I cell line (melanoma) | DC + IA/NTA, WB, FM | ESI-LC-MS/MS | lipids (GL, GP, SP) | [94] |
| U87, Huh7, and hMSCs cell lines (glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) | UC/NTA, EM, WB | TripleTOF LC-MS/MS | lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST, PR) | [95] |
| Normal mesenchymal stromal cells (SD-hMSC) | UC/NTA, TEM, IEM, WB | HPLC-MS/MS; LC-MS; SFC-MS |
lipids (GL, GP, SP), carboxylic acids | [96] |
| Syncytiotrophoblast cells (preeclampsia or history of recurrent miscarriage and healthy controls) | UC/NTA, EM | APCI-HPLC-MS/MS; ESI-LC-MS MRM |
lipids (GP, SP, ST) | [97] |
| Human serum: pancreatic cancer patients (before and after CT) | UC/TEM, WB | CIL nLC-MS | lipids (FA, GL, GP, ST), carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, biogenic amines, nucleotides, and nucleosides | [51] |
| Human plasma and urine: prostate cancer patients (before and after prostatectomy) and healthy controls | UC/NTA, EM, WB | TQ-S-UPLC-MS | carboxylic acids, amino acids, sugars, carnitines, biogenic amines, vitamins, nucleotides, and nucleosides | [98] |
| Human urine: prostate cancer patients and benign prostate hyperplasia patients | UC/NTA, cryo-EM, WB | UHPLC-MS | lipids (FA, GL, GP, SP, ST), amino acids, carnitines, vitamins, nucleotides, and nucleosides | [99] |
| PCa hCAFs, CAF-35, CAF-19, BxPC3, and MiaPaCa-2 cell lines (prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer) | UC/NTA, FM, WB | GC-MS; UPLC-MS | FA, carboxylic acids, amino acids | [100] |
Abbreviations: methods of EVs purification: UC—ultracentrifugation, SEC—size-exclusion chromatography, DC—differential centrifugation, IA—immune-affinity techniques, FFF—field-flow fractionation; methods of EVs characterization: NTA—nanoparticle tracking analysis, EM—electron microscopy, TEM—transmission electron microscopy, IEM—immuno-electron microscopy, FM—fluorescence inverted microscope, WB—Western blotting; lipid classes: FA—fatty acids, GL—glycerolipids, GP—glycerophospholipids, SP—sphingophospholipids, ST—sterol lipids, PR—prenol lipids.