Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and comorbidities by median medical expenditures in US$ within one year after end-stage renal disease (ESRD) entrance.
| Variable | One-Year Medical Expenditures, n = 48,153 |
|---|---|
| n (%) | |
| Age, year | |
| 65–79 | 26,732 (55.5) |
| 80+ | 21,421 (44.5) |
| Median (IQR, interquartile range) | 74.0 (69.5, 79.0) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 25,994 (54.0) |
| Male | 22,159 (46.0) |
| Urbanization level & | |
| 1 (Highest urbanization) | 11,708 (24.3) |
| 2 | 12,842 (26.7) |
| 3 | 8162 (15441) |
| 4(Lowest urbanization) | 15,441 (32.1) |
| Occupation | |
| Housekeeping | 21,924 (45.5) |
| White collar | 931 (1.93) |
| Blue collar | 15,013 (31.2) |
| Others ‡ | 10,285 (21.4) |
| One-year expenditures | |
| Median (25th and 75th percentile) | US$20,846 (US$12,468–US$22,802) |
|
Total duration of hospitalization in days stay within one year after ESRD diagnosis
Median (IQR, interquartile range) |
7 (0–26) |
|
Frequency of medical visits within one year after ESRD diagnosis
Median (IQR, interquartile range) |
35 (21–51) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Diabetes | 25,759 (53.5) |
| Hypertension | 45,371 (94.2) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 23,329 (48.5) |
| Liver disease and cirrhosis | 9982 (20.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 28,396 (59.0) |
| Obesity | 433 (0.90) |
| Cancer | 4497 (9.34) |
| Alcohol–related disease | 1232 (2.56) |
| Cirrhosis | 11,927 (24.8) |
| Stroke | 12,469 (25.9) |
| GI bleeding | 26,775 (55.6) |
| COPD | 13,818 (28.7) |
| Previous hip fracture | 8245 (17.1) |
| Osteoporosis | 9717 (20.2) |
| Dementia | 3198 (6.64) |
| Previous herpes | 2558 (5.31) |
| Previous respiratory failure | 2560 (5.32) |
| Number of comorbidities | |
| ≤5 | 22,884 (47.5) |
| >5 | 25,269 (52.5) |
Data are presented as the number of subjects in each group with percentages given in parentheses or mean with standard deviation given in parentheses. & Urbanization was categorized into four levels according to the population density of the residential area, with Level 1 the most urbanized and Level 4 the least urbanized. ‡ Other occupations included primarily retired, unemployed, or low income populations. ESRD, end stage renal disease.