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. 2019 Jul 10;20(14):3377. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143377

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effect of T3 on mitochondrial protein import and mitochondrial clearance. On the left, T3 enhances mitochondrial protein import by up-regulating the expression and protein levels of translocases of the outer (Tom) and inner mitochondrial membrane (Tim). Also, T3 increases the activity of Hsp70 that is involved in recognition of the mitochondrial pre-proteins, sliding of pre-proteins within translocase complexes and folding the imported pre-proteins. On the right, T3 favors the selective degradation of irreparably damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. (1) T3 up-regulates a set of molecules involved in phagophore formation and elongation including Lc3, beclin and Ulk1; (2) T3 enhances Park-dependent and independent recognition of damaged mitochondria by the Lc3 component of the phagophore; (3) T3 regulates mir-144 and mir-222 thus blunting the inhibitory effect of the mTOR pathway on the mitophagy program. (Bnip3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; Fundc1: FUN14 domain-containing protein 1; Hsp70: heat shock protein 70; Lc3: light chain3; Mfn2: mitofusin2; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; p62: ubiquitin protein binding p62; Park: parkin; Pink1: PTEN induced kinase 1; Ulk1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase1).