Quantification of 2-methylketones detected following heating the culture of E. coli cells E. coli cells carrying an empty vector, or expressing SmMKS2-1, SmMKS2-2, SmMKS2-3. Cells were grown and media were collected and treated as described in “Materials and Methods.” 2-Methylketones, which were derived from β-ketoacids, were quantified by comparison of peak areas to a linalool internal standard using GC. Values are averages ± SE calculated from three replicates. Significant differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Bars of the same pattern with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.005).