Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) protein is expressed and mediates extracellular Ca2+ influx in hCMEC/D3 cells. (A) Left, representative Western blots illustrating TRPV4 and β-actin expression in HEK-293 cells (HEK) and hCMEC/D3 cells. Left, quantification of TRPV4/β-actin protein levels in hCMEC/D3 cells normalized on HEK cells from three independent experiments. (B) GSK1016790A (GSK; 20 nM) increased the [Ca2+]i in the presence, but not in the absence (0Ca2+), of extracellular Ca2+. (C) RN-1734 (20 μM, 20 min) blocked GSK-evoked extracellular Ca2+ influx. GSK was administered at 20 nM. (D) Mean ± SE of the amplitude of GSK-induced Ca2+ influx in the absence and in the presence of RN-1734 (RN). The total number of cells analysed in the presence of RN is indicated in the brackets. The asterisk indicates p < 0.05.