Table 3.
Results of pedestrian gait speed and ratings of gait qualities during a walk on the indoor test track the with plain ice surface with 19 anti-slip devices. Values are median (min-max).
| Ice Uncovered | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Comfortable Gait Speed 1 | Maximum Gait Speed 1 | Balance 2 | Fall Risk 2 | Heel Strike 2 | Toe Off 2 | p 3 | p 4 |
| 1 | 140.2 (112.1−172.1) | 146.2 (104.0−198.4) | 71 (20−99) | 36 (1−97) | 35 (5−99) | 78 (49−99) | 0.374 | 0.011 |
| 2 | 132.1 (101.2−142.9) | 147.5 (116.9−181.8) | 66 (30−100) | 43 (7−59) | 21 (3−68) | 57 (13−100) | 0.036 | 0.011 |
| 3 | 136.2 (122.0−150.2) | 151.1 (114.2−181.5) | 78 (25−100) | 27 (1−95) | 31 (1−99) | 71 (35−99) | 0.173 | 0.011 |
| 4 | 138.7 (119.9−142.9) | 146.2 (142.2−168.6) | 88 (58−98) | 20 (0−91) | 91 (15−99) | 51 (5−98) | 0.441 | 0.008 |
| 5 | 129.2 (124.7−151.5) | 153.1 (136.4−175.1) | 70 (50−98) | 23 (3−82) | 80 (73−99) | 23 (8−99) | 0.066 | 0.008 |
| 6 | 133.3 (113.9−153.1) | 154.6 (103.6−175.4) | 74 (41−96) | 19 (0−62) | 71 (54−95) | 25 (6−85) | 0.110 | 0.008 |
| 7 | 136.4 (117.6−163.4) | 165.8 (123.3−183.8) | 83 (52−98) | 3 (2−53) | 75 (45−98) | 80 (48−99) | 0.173 | 0.008 |
| 8 | 129.9 (110.7−144.9) | 143.3 (116.7−175.8) | 81 (22−92) | 31 (0−70) | 62 (39−94) | 65 (38−91) | 0.028 | 0.008 |
| 9 | 129.2 (111.5−143.5) | 144.3 (111.7−179.5) | 71 (24−98) | 16 (2−65) | 55 (33−95) | 58 (31−95) | 0.021 | 0.011 |
| 10 | 121.6 (110.4−173.0) | 145.6 (96.3−196.5) | 67 (45−99) | 38 (4−71) | 58 (28−94) | 62 (28−90) | 0.260 | 0.011 |
| 11 | 140.4 (114.2−157.2) | 164.7 (132.4−181.8) | 93 (64−99) | 10 (1−65) | 76 (1−99) | 89 (6−98) | 0.678 | 0.008 |
| 12 | 127.7 (119.8−144.7) | 154.6 (118.6−174.2) | 81 (65−100) | 19 (0−54) | 70 (55−100) | 71 (50−100) | 0.028 | 0.008 |
| 13 | 129.9 (122.6−154.6) | 176.7 (122.0−194.6) | 88 (80−100) | 11 (0−23) | 80 (63−100) | 79 (68−100) | 0.051 | 0.028 |
| 14 | 138.0 (125.9−155.3) | 164.5 (127.9−183.8) | 93 (76−100) | 6 (1−29) | 86 (71−99) | 90 (63−99) | 0.314 | 0.011 |
| 15 | 139.7 (125.3−153.8) | 162.5 (129.5−194.2) | 90 (78−100) | 5 (0−23) | 77 (68−100) | 78 (49−97) | 0.069 | 0.025 |
| 16 | 123.2 (105.8−145.6) | 151.5 102.2−171.5) | 42 (17−98) | 73 (1−99) | 55 (1−95) | 56 (2−95) | 0.015 | 0.008 |
| 17 | 134.4 (99.4−157.5) | 158.5 (107.9−177.6) | 72 (24−100) | 26 (7−85) | 65 (28−100) | 61 (22−95) | 0.021 | 0.008 |
| 18 | 131.6 (107.8−197.6) | 159.5 (103.5−203.7) | 82 (29−96) | 12 (2−80) | 56 (6−95) | 56 (12−96) | 0.139 | 0.008 |
| 19 | 138.5 (118.9−158.2) | 166.7 (130.4−188.7) | 96 (82−100) | 3 (0−11) | 95 (73−100) | 96 (72−100) | 0.214 | 0.011 |
1 Cm/sec. Bold digits denote a ‘higher maximum gait speed’ ≥160 cm/sec. 2 Scale 0–100. Italic digits denote a ‘good walking balance’ ≥80 points, ‘low fall risk’ ≤20 points. Italic & bold digits denote ‘agreement’, that is, inter-subject variations ≤30 points. p-values compares repeated measurements in the same sample, and denotes the difference between gait speed at baseline without devices and comfortable gait speed (p 3) and maximum speed on ice (p 4) respectively, and are based on the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.