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. 2019 Jul 12;8(7):1023. doi: 10.3390/jcm8071023

Table 5.

Pulmonary manifestations in patients with CF.

Organ Complication References
Pulmonary parenchyma Chronic pulmonary infections (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia);
Obstruction of the airways;
Haemoptysis;
Bronchiectasis;
Pulmonary atelectasis;
Pulmonary fibrosis;
Chronic respiratory failure;		 [59,61]
Pleura Pleurisy;
Pachypleuritis;
Pneumothorax;
Haemothorax;
Sinus Sinusitis.