[Ca2+]	Ca2+ concentration
[H+]	H+ concentration
[Mg2+]	Mg2+ concentration
[Mg2+]cyto	cytosolic free Mg2+ concentration
[Mg2+]ex	extracellular free Mg2+ concentration
[Mg2+]mito	free [Mg2+] in the mitochondrial matrix
[Mg2+]nuc	nuclear free [Mg2+]
ACDP2	cyclin M2
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
APP	Aβ precursor protein
APPβ	β-amyloid precursor protein β
ATP	adenosine 5’-triphosphate
Aβ	amyloid β
BBB	blood–brain barrier
CNNM2	cyclin M2
CNS	central nervous system
CREB	cAMP response element binding
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CTFα	C terminal fragment α
CTFβ	C terminal fragment β
ECF	extracellular cellular fluid
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GABA	gamma-aminobutyric acid
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
IP3R	inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LTP	long-term potentiation
Mg	magnesium
Mg2+	magnesium ion
MgT	magnesium-L-threonate
mitoKATP	mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel
MPP+	N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
Mrs2	mitochondrial RNA splicing 2
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NSCs	neural stem cells
OGDH	2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PC12 cell	pheochromocytoma cell
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
PKC	protein kinase C
PTP	permeability transition pore
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RyR	ryanodine receptor
sAPPα	soluble APPα
TCA	tricarboxylic acid
TRPM6	transient receptor potential melastatin 6
TRPM7	transient receptor potential melastatin 7
ΔG	Gibbs free energy change
ΔΨm	mitochondrial membrane potential