Table 2.
Impact of categorized concentration of PM2.5 on asthma quality of life (AQLQ) and the risk of poor asthma quality of life, adjusted to potential confounders.
| Concentration of PM2.5 Categorized According to 24 h Threshold (>25 µg/m3, n = 225 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3, n = 75) and According to the Quartiles |
Asthma Quality of Life on Original Scale | Categorized Asthma Quality of Life (Ordered from Good as “1” to Poor as “3”) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B * | 95% CI for B | p a | OR | 95% CI ** for OR | p b | |
| AQLQ total | ||||||
| >25 µg/m3 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3 | −0.56 | −0.98; −0.13 | 0.011 | 5.12 | 2.72; 9.63 | <0.001 |
| high versus low | −0.45 | −0.88; −0.01 | 0.044 | 2.68 | 1.28; 5.60 | 0.009 |
| very high versus low | −0.74 | −1.24; −0.24 | 0.004 | 7.34 | 3.50; 15.42 | <0.001 |
| extremely high versus low | −0.86 | −1.37; −0.34 | <0.001 | 7.17 | 3.39; 15.20 | <0.001 |
| AQLQ symptoms | ||||||
| >25 µg/m3 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3 | −0.63 | −1.08; −0.17 | 0.007 | 3.51 | 1.82; 6.77 | 0.001 |
| high versus low | −0.50 | −0.97; −0.05 | 0.029 | 2.24 | 1.04; 4.84 | 0.039 |
| very high versus low | −0.79 | −1.32; −0.26 | 0.003 | 3.59 | 1.67; 7.72 | 0.001 |
| extremely high versus low | −0.99 | −1.53; −0.44 | <0.001 | 5.30 | 2.48; 11.31 | <0.001 |
| AQLQ activity limitation | ||||||
| >25 µg/m3 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3 | −0.41 | −0.86; 0.04 | 0.074 | 5.74 | 3.07; 10.73 | <0.001 |
| high versus low | −0.31 | −0.77; 0.14 | 0.177 | 3.10 | 1.49; 6.43 | 0.002 |
| very high versus low | −0.51 | −1.03; 0.01 | 0.055 | 8.05 | 3.84; 16.90 | <0.001 |
| extremely high versus low | −0.76 | −1.30; −0.22 | 0.006 | 8.01 | 3.81; 16.85 | <0.001 |
| AQLQ emotional function | ||||||
| >25 µg/m3 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3 | −0.38 | −0.91; 0.14 | 0.155 | 2.30 | 1.30; 4.07 | 0.004 |
| high versus low | −0.35 | −0.89; 0.19 | 0.206 | 1.94 | 0.98; 3.84 | 0.055 |
| very high versus low | −0.34 | −0.96; 0.28 | 0.279 | 2.72 | 1.36; 5.43 | 0.004 |
| extremely high versus low | −0.64 | −1.28; 0.001 | 0.050 | 2.33 | 1.17; 4.62 | 0.016 |
| AQLQ environmental stimuli | ||||||
| >25 µg/m3 versus ≤ 25 µg/m3 | −0.78 | −1.25; −0.30 | <0.001 | 4.78 | 2.72; 8.38 | <0.001 |
| high versus low | −0.67 | −1.16; −0.19 | 0.007 | 3.24 | 1.67; 6.26 | <0.001 |
| very high versus low | −1.02 | −1.58; −0.46 | <0.001 | 6.06 | 3.04; 12.09 | <0.001 |
| extremely high versus low | −0.95 | −1.53; −0.37 | 0.001 | 6.08 | 3.02; 12.24 | <0.001 |
* B—standardized coefficient (beta); ** CI— confidence intervals (a) adjusted to age, gender, active smoking, university education and season of measurement; (b) adjusted to age, age2, gender, and university education.