Table 2.
Molecules involved in PNI–translational perspectives.
| Target | Intervention | Effect | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| LIF | Antibodies against LIF | Reduction of neural density and nerve infiltration | [89] |
| CCR2 | Inhibition of CCR2 in combination with FOLFIRINOX | Safe and feasible; not yet investigated specifically for PNI | [118] |
| NGF | Depletion by anti–NGF antibodies; gene silencing with siRNA | Reduction in progression, neural invasion, metastasis and pain | [112,133,233] |
| NT3–TrkC | Antibodies against NT3 | Slower PDAC growth | [125] |
| GDNF–GFRα1–RET | GFRα1 silencing by siRNA, antibodies against RET. Radiation | Block endoneural macrophages activation and cancer invasiveness. Decrease GDNF secretion | [64,244] |
| Neurturin–GFRα2 | Depletion by anti–NRTN antibodies | Decrease in neural density | [128] |
| β2adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) | Pharmacological blockage | Decrease cancer–nerve interactions; diminish neurotrophins secretion | [233] |