Table 1.
Adjusted comparisons of change in measurements from baseline and 24 in intervention group and control group.
| Variables | Intervention Group | Control Group | Between-Group Difference (95% CI) | p Value between Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Before) | (Follow-up) | (Before) | (Follow-up) | |||
| Primary outcome | ||||||
| Modified ADAS-Cog | 26.2 ± 2.9 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | 25.7 ± 3.1 | 26.1 ± 2.7 | −1.9 (−0.9 to −2.3) | <0.01 |
| MMSE | 24.6 ± 2.6 | 24.8 ± 3.7 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.0 | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.9) | 0.06 |
| Secondary outcome | ||||||
| Working memory (Digit Span Scores) | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | −0.6 (−0.3 to 1.6) | 0.02 |
| Processing speed (TMT-A) | 25.3 ± 7.1 | 23.1 ± 6.3 | 24.7 ± 6.2 | 24.1 ± 6.7 | −0.4 (0.2 to −1.0) | 0.1 |
| Exucutive function (SDST) | 30.7 ± 8.0 | 36.3 ± 8.7 | 34.2 ± 10 | 34.7 ± 8.1 | −6.3 (−4.2 to −8.4) | <0.01 |
| GDS | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | −0.6 (−0.1 to −1.2) | 0.02 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.06 ± 0.3 | 1.11 ± 0.4 | 1.08 ± 0.3 | 1.05 ± 0.3 | 0.4 (0.0 to 0.9) | 0.02 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 27.8 ± 6.2 | 28.6 ± 5.4 | 26.7 ± 7.1 | 29.0 ± 6.8 | 0.5 (−0.7 to 1.6) | 0.132 |
| Timed up and go (s) | 10.1 ± 3.1 | 8.9 ± 3.4 | 9.7 ± 4.1 | 9.5 ± 3.9 | −0.8 (−0.4 to −1.4) | <0.01 |
| Sit to standing time (s) | 18.0 ± 5.2 | 16.9 ± 4.5 | 17.3 ± 4.7 | 17.7 ± 4.8 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.7) | <0.01 |
| MVPA (min/day) | 12.2 ± 7.7 | 22.3 ± 9.3 | 11.9 ± 6.3 | 10.7 ± 6.5 | 10.6 (7.3 to 20.1) | <0.01 |
| Step counts (steps/day) | 4876 ± 867 | 7893 ± 1001 | 4794 ± 763 | 4210 ± 861 | 2996 (1307 to 3816) | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cog; MVPA, moderate and vigorous physical activity; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; TMT, train making tese, SDST, Symbol–Digit Substitution Test: MVPA, Moderate to vigorous physical activity, Values are given as means± SD. P < 0.5 was considered significant.