| ATP | adenosine 5′-triphosphate |
| BET | Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis |
| EDX | electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| HA | hydroxyapatite |
| hMSC | human mesenchymal stem cells |
| LYO | lyophilization |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| SCD | supercritical drying |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| VD | vacuum dried |