TSA is shown to restore autophagy in mice. (A) Representative transmission electron microscopy image of each group (n = 8). Scale bar: 1 μm. (B) TSA increased cathepsin B activity (n = 5). (C) Western blot analysis showed TSA regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including LC3-II, P62, Beclin1, and LAMP1 (n = 5). (D) Western blot analysis showed that TSA decreased the expression of Ser2448p-mTOR, Thr389p-S6K, and Ser757p-ULK1, and increased the expressions of TFEB in nucleus compared with those of the model group (n = 5). All data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 is significantly different as indicated, for values in the model group.