Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jun 28;11(7):910. doi: 10.3390/cancers11070910

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

TSA is shown to promote autophagosome formation and lysosomal proteolysis. (A) TSA demonstrated no cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes below 10 μM (n = 12). (B) TSA attenuated DOX-induced cell injury, as evidenced by increased cell viability (n = 12). Western blot results showed that TSA can reverse the expressions of LC3-II (n = 5) and P62 without (n = 5) BafA1, as seen in (C), or reverse the expression of LC3-II with (n = 5) BafA1, as seen in (D). (E) Cardiomyocytes were transfected with GFP-mRFP-LC3 to monitor changes in autophagic flux. TSA increased autophagosomes (yellow puncta) and significantly reduced autolysosomes (red puncta) (n = 30). Scale bar: 50 μm. (F) Measurement of cathepsin B activity in each group (n = 12). * p < 0.05 is significantly different as indicated, for values in the DOX group.