Table 1.
Cross-sectional studies on association between pornography use and sexual satisfaction in women and men.
| Study Type | Group | Age of Subjects Mean ± SD (range) years | Method | Observation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online survey | 373 heterosexual men | 19 ± 2 (18–29) | Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire | Frequency of PU and PPU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [79] |
| Online survey | 217 heterosexual couples | 37 ± 11 ♂; 35 ± 10 ♀ | Index of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction only in male | [80] |
| Online survey | 650 men | (18–25) | Snell’s Index of Sexual Satisfaction | Earlier exposure to P correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [81] |
| Online survey | 326 heterosexual men; 456 heterosexual women | 20 (18–30) | One-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction only in male | [82] |
| Online survey | 221 women; 75 men; (97% heterosexual) | 29 ± 9 (18–87) | Index of Sexual Satisfaction | No correlation between frequency of PU and sexual satisfaction | [83] |
| Online survey | 1513 heterosexual adults | 23 ± 8 | Two-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [74] |
| Online survey | 240 heterosexual couples | 35 ± 9 (18–72) ♂; 33 ± 9 (18–60) ♀ | Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction | Couple PU correlated with ↑ sexual satisfactionUnknown individual use correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [57] |
| Pen-and-paper survey | 1501 randomly selected adults | 50 ± 18 (17–98) | One-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction only in male | [75] |
| Online survey | 565 women; 471 men | (18–55) | One-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction only in male | [77] |
| Online survey | 894 heterosexual adults | 30 ± 9 | Two-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction with no gender differences | [84] |
| Online survey | 596 women; 234 men | 25 ± 8 (18–78) | Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction, particularly lower scores were seen in compulsive users. | [85] |
| Online survey | 587 women; 232 men | 25 ± 8 (18–78) | Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction in both gender | [86] |
| Online survey | 1471 women; 1109 men | (18–60) | New Scale of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction in both gender | [87] |
| Pen-and-paper survey | 190 newly married heterosexual couples | 34 ♂; 31 ♀ | Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) Inventory | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction in both gender | [73] |
| Face-to-face interviews | 2610 married adults | 53 ± 14 (25–80) | One-item question | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction in studied group | [88] |
| Online survey | 433 heterosexual married couples | 38 (22–59) ♂; 35 (20–44) ♀ | One-item question | No correlation between frequency of PU and sexual satisfaction in husbands and wives | [79] |
| Pen-and-paper survey | 326 heterosexual couples | 38 ± 10 ♂; 36 ± 10 ♀ | Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction in both gender | [89] |
| Pen-and-paper survey | 460 women; 130 men | 24 ± 7 (18–64) | One-item question with Likert scale | PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction. The association was differentiated by attachment styles: negative among anxious/avoidant subjects, positive among fearful individuals | [78] |
| Online survey | 3004 women; 2079 men | 22 ± 1 (18–26) | One-item question | Earlier age of exposure to P increased odds for ↓sexual satisfaction | [12] |
| Online survey | 470 men | 27 ± 11 | Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [76] |
| Online survey | 378 men | 47 ± 14 | Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction | Frequency of PU correlated with ↓ sexual satisfaction | [76] |
P—pornography PU—pornography use; PPU—problematic pornography use; SD—standard deviation.