Table 1.
Nomenclature and classification of voltage-gated calcium channels CaVα1 subunits based on sequence similarity and biophysical properties.
| Protein Name Gene Name Current Type |
Expression Profile | Subfamily | Threshold of Activation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cav1.1 CACNA1S L-type |
Skeletal muscle (myocytes) | CaV1 | HVA (associated with CaVα2δ and Cavβ subunits) |
| Cav1.2 CACNA1C L-type |
Brain, cardiovascular system (smooth muscle of blood vessels, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, cardiomyocytes), pancreatic islets, adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells), intestinal and bladder smooth muscle, sympathetic and sensory ganglia, pituitary gland. | ||
| Cav1.3 CACNA1D L-type |
Brain, cochlear and vestibular hair cells, retina, heart (sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, cardiomyocytes), pancreatic islets, adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells) and adrenal cortex, sympathetic and sensory ganglia, pituitary gland. | ||
| Cav1.4 CACNA1F L-type |
Retina (photoreceptors) | ||
| Cav2.1 CACNA1A P/Q-type |
Brain (broadly expressed but dominant in cerebellar Purkinje cells and glutamatergic neurons), spinal cord motor neurons, sympathetic and sensory ganglia, pancreas and pituitary | CaV2 | |
| Cav2.2 CACNA1B N-type |
Brain (broadly expressed but dominant in monoaminergic neurons, as well as cholecystokinin expressing interneurons), sympathetic and sensory ganglia | ||
| Cav2.3 CACNA1E R-type |
Brain, heart (atrial myocytes), testis, pituitary, pancreatic islets, gastrointestinal system, lungs | ||
| Cav3.1 CACNA1G T-type |
Brain, heart (sinoatrial node), aorta, immune system (T-cells), bone, lung, glands (pancreas, ovary, testis) | CaV3 | LVA (associated with CACHD1) |
| Cav3.2 CACNA1H T-type |
Brain, heart (sinoatrial node), kidney, liver, adrenal cortex, smooth muscle, sensory ganglia (low threshold mechanoreceptors) | ||
| Cav3.3 CACNA1I T-type |
Brain, thyroid, spleen, small intestine, adrenal gland |