| 3D | three-dimensional |
| AR | anchor rate |
| BS | base station |
| CDF | cumulative distribution function |
| GPS | global positioning system |
| MLE | maximum likelihood estimator |
| PRF | polynomial regression fit |
| RMSE | root mean square error |
| RSS | received signal strength |
| SOCP | second-order cone programming |
| UWSN | underwater wireless sensor network |
| WLS | weighted least squares |
| WSN | wireless sensor network |