Effect of IK,ACh blockade on heart rate (HR) in gnb5-knockout zebrafish. (A) Experimental setup for high-speed imaging of the zebrafish heart. HR was recorded at 150 fps for 10 s. (B) Time schedule of drug treatment and CCh challenge in gnb5-knockout larvae. (C) Scatter dot plots with mean of HR of gnb5-knockout larvae 5 days post-fertilization at basal level, after treatment with 50 µmol l−1 XEN-R0703 or DMSO, and upon application of 500 µmol l−1 CCh. DMSO, n=13; XEN-R0703, n=22. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 (two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons). (D) Percentage of gnb5-knockout larvae that responded to 500 µmol l−1 CCh with a decrease in HR of 0-25, 26-50, 51-75 or 76-100%. DMSO, n=13; XEN-R0703, n=22. Only 27% of gnb5-knockout larvae pretreated with XEN-R0703 displayed a pathological decrease in HR (51-75%, 76-100%), while over 80% of the not-pretreated gnb5-knockout larvae display the same decreased level of HR.