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. 2019 Aug 2;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s40851-019-0143-1

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

Evolutionary scenario of the vertebrate head organizer. Assuming the amphioxus-like chordate ancestor, the vertebrate ancestor should have adopted Wnt signaling for organizer formation and coopted gsc as a target of Lim1 and Otx2 to form the anteriorly enlarged brain by converting the anterior presumptive notochordal cells to the prechordal plate. Schematics of body plans are shown with anterior to the left and dorsal to the top. Orange, brain and neural tube; green, notochord; blue, prechordal plate