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. 2019 Jul 11;20(14):3406. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143406

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Increased KIM-1, OPN, MCP-1, and fibronectin-1 mRNA levels in ZO and ZD kidneys. mRNA levels of KIM-1, OPN, MCP-1, and fibronectin-1 in the kidney cortex of ZL, ZO, and ZD rats were measured by gene microarray (array) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). mRNA fold changes were calculated using β–actin as an internal control. Values are the mean ± SEM. n = 3–6 animals/group. *p < 0.05 vs. the ZL group.