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. 2019 Jul 30;15:2171–2180. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S200045

Table 3.

The result of OERS

Measures Group CE (n=43) or SC (n=48) Week 3 Week 6
Mean (SD) 95% CI P Mean (SD) 95% CI P
Positive emotions Pleasure CE 3.23 (1.65) 0.309–1.740 0.006a 3.77 (1.445) 0.191–1.635 0.014a
SC 2.21 (1.77) 2.85 (2.000)
General alertness CE 5.00 (0.00) 0.154–0.930 0.007a 4.95 (0.21) 0.099–0.558 0.006a
SC 4.46 (1.34) 4.63 (0.76)
Negative emotions Anger CE 1.07 (0.46) −0.130–0.186 0.724 1.00 (0.00) −0.134–0.009 0.083
SC 1.04 (0.29) 1.06 (0.25)
Anxiety/Fear CE 1.00 (0.00) −0.100–0.017 0.159 1.02 (0.15) −0.024–0.070 0.323
SC 1.04 (0.20) 1.00 (0.00)
Sadness CE 1.00 (0.00) −0.194–0.069 0.347 1.02 (0.15) −0.059–0.064 0.938
SC 1.06 (0.43) 1.02 (0.14)

Notes: P-value by independent t-test. aP<0.05.

Abbreviations: OERS, Observed Emotion Rating Scale; CE, creative expression; SC, standard cognitive; CI, confidence interval.