Table 2.
Comprehensive list of in vivo models of joint stiffness with medical treatment in chronological order
| Author/year | Animal, joint | Induction of trauma | Drug | Application | Reduction of contracture | Decreased myofibroblast numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clark et al,112 1971 | Rat, knee | No | Triamcinolone | Intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured |
| Namba et al,95 1992 | Rabbit, ankle | Yes | Triamcinolone | Singular intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured |
| Kikuchi et al,104 1993 | Rabbit, knee | No | High-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate (SL-1010) | Intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured |
| Fukui et al,16 2000 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody | Continuous intraarticular injection via implanted pumps | Yes | Not measured |
| Fukui et al,96 2001 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Proteoglycan decorin | Continuous intraarticular injection via implanted pumps | Yes | Not measured |
| Brunelli et al,97 2005 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Cross linked hyaluronan (Hyaloglide) | Singular intraarticular injection | Not measured, but reduction of capsular adhesion observed. | Not measured |
| Monument et al,18 2010 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Ketotifen fumarate | Subcutaneous injection twice daily | Yes | Yes |
| Kocoaglu et al,98 2011 | Rat, knee | Yes | Mitomycin C | Weekly intraarticular injection | Not measured, but reduction of arthrofibrosis observed. | Not measured |
| Emami et al,99 2012 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Bevacizumab | One or two intraarticular injections | Yes, but only after two injections | Not measured (but fibroblast numbers decreased) |
| Li et al,108 2013 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Celecoxib | Orally, twice daily | Yes | Not measured (but fibroblast numbers decreased) |
| Li et al, 201319 | Rat, knee | Yes | Lentivirus (LV)-mediated ERK2 siRNA | Two intraarticular injections | Yes | Yes |
| Efird et al,109 2014 | Rat, knee | Yes | a) Montelukast, b) Forskolin or c) Triamcinolone |
a) orally, daily b and c) two intraarticular injections |
Yes | Not measured |
| Kanazawa et al,100 2015 | Rat, knee | No | Hyaluronic acid with high molecular weight | Singular intraarticular injection | Not measured, but more elasticity observed | Not measured |
| Sotobayashi et al,64 2016 | Rat, knee | No | Ribbon-type decoy oligodeoxynucleotides for HIF-1 | Singular intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured |
| Ozawa et al,110 2016 | Rat, knee | No | Celecoxib | Orally, daily | No | Not measured |
| Barlow et al,111 2016 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Rosiglitazone | Subcutaneous injection on the first 2 days, afterward orally daily | No | No |
| Steplewski et al,17 2017 | Rabbit, knee | Yes | Non modified anti-α2Ct antibody (ACA) and PEGylated ACA (P-ACA) | Continuous intraarticular injection via implanted pumps | Yes | Not measured |
| Gao et al,101 2017 | Rat, knee | Yes | Botulinum toxin A | Singular intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured (but fibroblast numbers decreased) |
| Kaneguchi et al,113 2018 | Rat, knee | No | Dexamethasone | Daily by subcutaneous injection | Partially | Yes |
| Itaya et al,102 2018 | Rat, knee | No | Pulsed ultrasound | 20 mins daily | Yes | Not measured |
| Wong et al,103 2018 | Rat, knee | No | Collagenase | Singular intraarticular injection | Yes | Not measured |