Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients evaluated for meningitis.
| Pathogen | Age (years), Median (IQR) |
Sex, % (n) male |
CSF WCC (/μL), median (IQR) * |
Lymphocyte % (IQR) |
Protein (g/dL), median (IQR) |
Glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR) |
HIV +ve, % (n/N) † |
CD4 count (cells/μL) if HIV +ve, median (IQR) |
On ART if HIV +ve, % (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With microbiological diagnosis | |||||||||
| Cryptococcus (n = 4432) | 36 (31-43) | 61.5%(2720/4421) | 5 (2-34) | 90% (60-95) | 0.91 (0.49-1.75) | 2.10 (1.23-2.86) | 99.9% (2772/2775) | 42 (19-89) | 37.5% (1039/2772) |
| TB (n = 51) | 36 (31-45) | 54.9% (28/51) | 48 (8-150) | 90% (20-96) | 2.56 (0.93-3.27) | 0.83 (0.61-1.36) | 82.8% (24/29) | 104 (27-165) | 20.8% (5/24) |
| Pneumococcus (n = 382) | 36 (30-45) | 43.2% (164/380) | 250 (40-946) | 10% (5-24) | 3.66 (2.42-6.66) | 0.07 (0.01-0.90) | 61.5% (150/244) | 196 (127-379) | 39.3% (59/150) |
| Without microbiological diagnosis | |||||||||
| CSF WCC 0-5 (n = 9581) | 36 (30-46) | 47.6% (4546/9557) | ---- | ---- | 0.47 (0.26-0.92) | 3.20 (2.60-3.85) | 66.2% (4052/6119) | 113 (44-268) | 54.5% (2207/4052) |
| CSF WCC 6-20 (n = 1309) | 36 (30-45) | 50.2% (654/1302) | ---- | ---- | 0.84 (0.40-1.80) | 2.84 (2.00-3.72) | 66.8% (514/770) | 129 (55-254) | 52.0% (267/514) |
| CSF WCC>20, no differential (n = 466) | 36 (30-45) | 53.7% (249/464) | 70 (32-230) | ---- | 1.58 (0.80-3.18) | 2.10 (1.12-3.17) | 64.8% (136/210) | 138 (69-317) | 46.3% (63/136) |
| CSF WCC>20, lymphocytic (n = 1348) | 36 (29-43) | 52.6% (708/1345) | 123 (54-312) | 90% (80-96) | 1.83 (1.00-3.53) | 1.92 (1.10-2.89) | 70.7% (662/936) | 156 (77-284) | 48.0% (318/662) |
| CSF WCC>20, pyogenic (n = 632) | 36 (30-44) | 57.1% (358/627) | 244 (75-810) | 15% (9-30) | 2.37 (1.18-4.21) | 1.46 (0.90-2.43) | 60.1% (217/361) | 116 (53-214) | 43.3% (94/217) |
+ve - positive; ART - antiretroviral therapy; IQR - interquartile range; WCC - white cell count
*
Upper limit recorded for WCC 2000/μL
†
Among patients with documented HIV status