Table 1.
Demographic, neighborhood, and clinical characteristics of the cohort and stratified by race continued
| Characteristic, n (%) | Entire Cohort n = 51,350 |
White n = 46,573 |
Black n = 3,261 |
Other n = 1,516 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 72.6 (11.6) | 72.9 (11.5) | 70.1 (12.5) | 71.3 (12.1) | <.001 | |
| Gender | Male | 36,679 (71.4) | 33,754 (72.5) | 1,836 (56.3) | 1,089 (71.8) | <.001 |
| Female | 14,671 (28.6) | 12,819 (27.5) | 1,425 (43.7) | 427 (28.2) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0 | 35,225 (68.6) | 31,941 (68.6) | 2,165 (66.4) | 1,119 (73.8) | <.001 |
| 1 | 11,739 (22.9) | 10,677 (22.9) | 759 (23.3) | 303 (20) | ||
| 2+ | 4,386 (8.5) | 3,955 (8.5) | 337 (10.3) | 94 (6.2) | ||
| Annual household income* | <$38,000 | 9,379 (18.3) | 7,702 (16.5) | 1,486 (45.6) | 191 (12.6) | <.001 |
| $38,000–47,999 | 12,683 (24.7) | 11,636 (25) | 746 (22.9) | 301 (19.9) | ||
| $48,000–62,999 | 13,816 (26.9) | 12,819 (27.5) | 575 (17.6) | 422 (27.8) | ||
| ≥$63,000 | 15,472 (30.1) | 14,416 (31) | 454 (13.9) | 602 (39.7) | ||
| % without HS education* | >21% | 8,634 (16.8) | 7,127 (15.3) | 1,216 (37.3) | 291 (19.2) | <.001 |
| 13–20.9% | 13,169 (25.7) | 11,652 (25) | 1,174 (36) | 343 (22.6) | ||
| 7–12.9% | 17,570 (34.2) | 16,492 (35.4) | 588 (18) | 490 (32.3) | ||
| <7% | 11,977 (23.3) | 11,302 (24.3) | 283 (8.7) | 392 (25.9) | ||
| Insurance status | Not Insured | 1,139 (2.2) | 943 (2) | 145 (4.5) | 51 (3.4) | <.001 |
| Private Insurance | 12,568 (24.5) | 11,424 (24.5) | 750 (23) | 394 (26) | ||
| Medicaid | 1,681 (3.3) | 1,285 (2.8) | 262 (8) | 134 (8.8) | ||
| Medicare | 34,733 (67.6) | 31,863 (68.4) | 1,996 (61.2) | 874 (57.7) | ||
| Other Government | 465 (0.9) | 408 (0.9) | 37 (1.1) | 20 (1.3) | ||
| Unknown/Not reported | 764 (1.5) | 650 (1.4) | 71 (2.2) | 43 (2.8) | ||
| Miles to hospital, median (IQR) | 9.5 (4.1–25.2) | 10 (4.2–26.1) | 5.7 (2.8–13.2) | 8.7 (3.8–24.2) | <.001 | |
| < 10 miles | 25,752 (50.2) | 22,753 (48.9) | 2,194 (67.28) | 805 (53.1) | <.001 | |
| 10–50 miles | 18,085 (35.2) | 16,814 (36.1) | 781 (24) | 490 (32.2) | ||
| > 50 miles | 7,513 (14.6) | 7,006 (15) | 286 (8.8) | 221 (14.6) | ||
| Year of Diagnosis, median (IQR) | 2009 (2006–2011) | 2009 (2006–2011) | 2009 (2006–2011) | 2009 (2007–2011) | 0.6 | |
| City Type | Metropolitan | 40,729 (79.3) | 36,559 (78.5) | 2,875 (88.2) | 1,295 (85.4) | <.001 |
| Urban | 7,587 (14.8) | 7,713 (15.4) | 262 (8) | 152 (10) | ||
| Rural | 3,034 (5.9) | 2,841 (6.1) | 124 (3.8) | 69 (4.6) | ||
| Hospital Type | Community | 6,308 (12.3) | 5,772 (12.4) | 376 (11.6) | 160 (10.7) | <.001 |
| Comprehensive Community | 23,573 (46.1) | 21,913 (47.2) | 1,185 (36.7) | 475 (31.8) | ||
| Academic | 17,834 (34.9) | 15,675 (33.8) | 1,424 (44.1) | 735 (49.1) | ||
| Integrated Cancer Network | 3,319 (6.5) | 2,948 (6.4) | 245 (7.6) | 126 (8.4) | ||
| Other | 83 (0.2) | 81 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Histology present | Urothelial CA | 46,003 (89.6) | 41,884 (89.9) | 2,809 (86.1) | 1,350 (89.1) | <.001 |
| Variant | 5,347 (10.4) | 4,729 (10.2) | 452 (13.9) | 166 (11) | ||
| Mean days from diagnosis to ApT | 11.3 (25.5) | 10.2 (30.4) | 11.2 (28.2) | 11.3 (25.5) | .03 | |
| Appropriate treatment received | Yes | 21,867 (42.6) | 20,010 (43) | 1,205 (37) | 652 (43) | <.001 |
Year of diagnosis not shown
Abbreviations: HS, high school; CA, carcinoma; ApT, appropriate treatment
*
variables based on neighborhood-level measures