Table 1.
16 potential biomarkers among the three groups.
| Identification | Formula | Molecular Weight | RT (min) |
Change Trend (HD:Ma / W:Mb) |
Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taurocholic acid | C26H45NO7S | 515.2900 | 14.3 | ↑ / ↑ | Primary bile acid biosynthesis |
| 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | C10H9NO3 | 191.0580 | 8.36 | ↑ / ↑ | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Indoleacetic acid | C10H9NO2 | 175.0631 | 9.46 | ↓ / ↓ | Tryptophan metabolism |
| 4-Pyridoxic acid | C8H9NO4 | 183.0530 | 5.75 | ↑ / ↑ | Vitamin B6 metabolism |
| L-Kynurenine | C10H12N2O3 | 208.0748 | 3.75 | ↑ / ↑ | Tryptophan metabolism |
| Adrenic acid | C22H36O2 | 332.2709 | 15.51 | ↓ / ↓ | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids |
| Prostaglandin E2 | C20H32O5 | 352.2247 | 10.63 | ↓ / ↓ | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Leukotriene B4 | C20H32O4 | 336.2296 | 12.19 | ↓ / ↓ | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Gamma-Aminobutyric acid | C4H9NO2 | 103.0632 | 1.31 | ↑ / ↑ | beta-Alanine metabolism |
| Testosterone | C19H28O2 | 288.2088 | 13.85 | ↓ / ↓ | Steroid hormone biosynthesis |
| Sphinganine 1-phosphate | C18H40NO5P | 381.2641 | 14.59 | ↑ / ↑ | Sphingolipid metabolism |
| Arachidonic acid | C20H32O2 | 304.2399 | 13.62 | ↓ / ↓ | Arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Glycine | C2H5NO2 | 75.0320 | 6.34 | ↑ / ↑ | Glutathione metabolism |
| Cortisone | C21H28O5 | 360.1930 | 11.22 | ↓ / ↓ | Steroid hormone biosynthesis |
| Beta-Estradiol | C18H24O2 | 272.1774 | 11.83 | ↑ / ↑ | Steroid hormone biosynthesis |
| L-Glutathione (reduced) | C10H17N3O6S | 307.0833 | 1.50 | ↑ / ↑ | Glutathione metabolism |
Note. aTrends of HD group compared with M group. bTrends of W group compared with M group. ↑: up-regulated. ↓: down-regulated.