Table 2.
Effects of the oral administration of the methanolic extract of Galphimia glauca (GgMeOH, 25 mg/kg), the Galphimine-Rich Fraction (GRF), and the different galphimines (G-A, G-B, and G-E) on mice with schizophrenic-like symptoms induced by the chronic administration of MK-801 evaluated by means of the Open field test (OFT) for 30 min.
| Treatments (mg/kg) |
Total Crossings | Rearing | Stereotyped Behaviors | Grooming | Time Spent on Grooming (sec) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEH | 385 ± 11.1∗ | 252 ± 8.0∗ | 0 ± 0.0∗ | 24 ± 0.8∗ | 236 ± 6.9∗ |
|
| |||||
| MK-801 (0.5) | 183 ± 7.2 | 72 ± 5.2 | 9 ± 0.8 | 16 ± 1.8 | 424 ± 11.5 |
| NMDA (1.0) | 180 ± 11.0 | 78 ± 9.3 | 3 ± 0.6∗ | 18 ± 1.3 | 549 ± 15.1∗ |
| OLZ (1.0) | 100 ± 6.8∗ | 25 ± 3.5∗ | 1 ± 0.2∗ | 7 ± 0.7∗ | 160 ± 6.8∗ |
| GgMeOH (25.0) | 241 ± 13.5∗ | 71 ± 5.5 | 4 ± 0.3∗ | 13 ± 0.5 | 371 ± 12.2∗ |
| GRF (5.0) | 223 ± 10.5 | 89 ± 6.6 | 3 ± 0.3∗ | 17 ± 0.7 | 103 ± 10.8∗ |
| G-A (5.0) | 331 ± 11.3∗ | 99 ± 8.0 | 4 ± 0.4∗ | 16 ± 2.0 | 295 ± 11.1∗ |
| G-B (5.0) | 232 ± 13.2∗ | 98 ± 8.0 | 3 ± 0.3∗ | 13 ± 1.2 | 414 ± 9.7 |
| G-E (5.0) | 229 ± 11.1∗ | 93 ± 9.0 | 2 ± 0.2∗ | 20 ± 1.1 | 392 ± 15.3 |
Total crossings, rearings, stereotyped behaviors and grooming bouts, time spent grooming (seconds). MK-801; Vehicle (VEH) = mice with Tween 20 1%; OLZ = Olanzapine; GgMeOH = methanolic extract from Galphimia glauca; GRF = Galphimine-Rich Fraction. ANOVA, Dunnett post-hoc test. Results are means ± Standard Error (SEM). ∗ indicates a significant difference from MK-801 at a significance threshold of p<0.05. total crossings = (FD = 9, F (77.65) 2.10, p = 0.0001), rearing = (FD = 9, F (67.26) 2.10, p = 0.0001), grooming = (FD = 9, F (14.23) 2.10, p = 0.0001), time spent on grooming = (FD = 9, F (627.9) 2.25, p = 0.0001).